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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ldt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лучевая диагностика и терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-5343</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2079-5343-2024-15-2-53-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ldt-1005</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Текстурный анализ КТ-изображений в дифференцировке опухолевых и неопухолевых кистозных образований поджелудочной железы: возможности в условиях предварительной обработки изображений и различных параметров сегментации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Texture analysis of contrast enhancement CT in the differential diagnosis of tumor and tumor-like cystic lesions of the pancreas: possibilities in texture preprocessing and various segmentation parameters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8276-3594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коваленко Анастасия Андреевна — врач-рентгенолог отделения рентгеновской диагностики и томографии </p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Kovalenko — radiologist of the Rаdiology depаrtment</p><p>121359, Moscow, ul. Marshala Timoshenko, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8391-2771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петровичев</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrovichev</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петровичев Виктор Сергеевич — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением томографии </p><p>125367, Москва, Иваньковское шоссе, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor S. Petrovichev — Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Heаd of the Rаdiology Depаrtment </p><p>125367, Moscow, 3, Ivan’kovskoe shosse</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6483-2074</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крючкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryuchkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крючкова Оксана Валентиновна — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением рентгеновской диагностики и томографии </p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana V. Kryuchkova — Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Heаd of the Rаdiology Depаrtment</p><p> 121359, Moscow, ul. Marshala Timoshenko, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-9307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коваленко Захар Андреевич — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением хирургической онкологии № 2 </p><p>125367, Москва, Иваньковское шоссе, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zahar A. Kovalenko — Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Surgeon, Heаd of Surgical Oncology Department </p><p> 125367, Moscow, 3, Ivan’kovskoe shosse</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-4098</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьев</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananev</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ананьев Дмитрий Павлович — кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части (по хирургии) </p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry P. Ananev — Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Surgeon, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery</p><p> 121359, Moscow, ul. Marshala Timoshenko, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7159-3039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матвеев Дмитрий Андреевич — заведующий отделением торакоабдоминальной онкологии </p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Matveev — Surgeon, Heаd of Thoracoabdominal Oncology Department</p><p> 121359, Moscow, ul. Marshala Timoshenko, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-7363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Роман Валерьевич — врач-хирург отделения хирургической онкологии №2 </p><p>125367, Москва, Иваньковское шоссе, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Petrov — Surgeon of Surgical Oncology Department </p><p>125367, Moscow, 3, Ivan’kovskoe shosse</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой Управления делами Президента РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Clinical Hospital of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Mediсal Research Center «Medical and Rehabilitation Сenter»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коваленко А.А., Петровичев В.С., Крючкова О.В., Коваленко З.А., Ананьев Д.П., Матвеев Д.А., Петров Р.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коваленко А.А., Петровичев В.С., Крючкова О.В., Коваленко З.А., Ананьев Д.П., Матвеев Д.А., Петров Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalenko A.A., Petrovichev V.S., Kryuchkova O.V., Kovalenko Z.A., Ananev D.P., Matveev D.A., Petrov R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1005">https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1005</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: В настоящее время определение подтипа кистозного образования поджелудочной железы по-прежнему представляет значительные трудности. Возможности предоперационной инвазивной диагностики в большинстве случаев крайне затруднены по причине малоклеточности аспирата. Точная верификация характера изменений крайне важна для прогнозирования тактики ведения пациентов и планирования вмешательства.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: Определить диагностическую значимость текстурного анализа КТ-изображений в дифференцировке опухолевых и неопухолевых кистозных образований поджелудочной железы; сравнить результаты применения двух режимов (2D и 3D) сегментации КТ-изображений; разработать диагностическую модель, включающую текстурные показатели, для дифференцировки опухолевых и неопухолевых кистозных образований поджелудочной железы.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В исследование было включено 15 пациентов с муцинозными цистаденомами, 15 пациентов с серозными цистаденомами и 10 пациентов с постнекротическими кистами, которым была выполнена резекция образований с последующей гистологической верификацией. Всем пациентам было выполнено мультифазное КТ с контрастным усилением. Расчет текстурных показателей осуществлялся во все фазы контрастного усиления (нативную, артериальную, венозную и отсроченную) в условиях предварительной обработки изображений путем приведения последних к изотропному вокселю 1×1×1 мм (RES) и ограничения по плотности от 0 до 200 HU. Сегментация изображений проводилась в двух режимах — 2D и 3D.</p></sec><sec><title>Статистика</title><p>Статистика: Статистический анализ и визуализация полученных данных проводились с использованием среды для статистических вычислений R 4.3.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Вена, Австрия). Для оценки дискриминативной способности текстурных показателей в отношении типов новообразований использовались тест Манна–Уитни и AUC с соответствующим точным 95% доверительным интервалом (95% ДИ). При проведении анализа первых главных компонент переменные включались в анализ после стандартизации. Отбор предикторов в многофакторную модель осуществлялся с использованием L1 (LASSO) регуляризации. Оценка дискриминативных характеристик полученной модели производилась с использованием наблюдаемых и бутстреп оценок (B=1000) AUC Хэнда–Тилла (AUC для мультиномиальных моделей) и коэффициента корреляции φ Мэтьюса.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Применение 3D-сегментации является предпочтительным для дифференцировки опухолевых и неопухолевых кистозных образований ПЖ.</p><p>Разработанная диагностическая модель с использованием текстурных показателей (INTENSITY-HISTOGRAM_Intensity Histogram75th Percentile, MORPHOLOGICAL_Volume, INTENSITY-BASED_StandardDeviation) нативной и артериальной фаз сканирования при 2D-сегментации в качестве предикторов типа новообразования обладает следующими характеристиками: площадь под ROC-кривой — 0,89, чувствительность и специфичность в отношении постнекротических кист — 70 и 93,3%, в отношении муцинозных опухолей — 73,3 и 92%, в отношении серозных опухолей — 86,7 и 80%.</p><p>Разработанная диагностическая модель с использованием текстурных показателей (MORPHOLOGICAL_Surface To Volume Ratio, INTENSITY-BASED_StandardDeviation, GLCM_Correlation, GLSZM_ZonePercentage) нативной, артериальной и отсроченной фаз сканирования при 3D-сегментации в качестве предикторов типа новообразования обладает следующими характеристиками: площадь под ROC-кривой — 0,96, чувствительность и специфичность в отношении постнекротических кист — 80 и 96,7%, в отношении муцинозных опухолей — 86,7 и 88%, в отношении серозных опухолей — 80 и 88%.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ: На момент проведения исследования нами не было найдено ни одной работы, в которой бы анализировались все фазы контрастного усиления. Обзор имеющихся публикаций показал, что в подавляющем большинстве случаев исследователи сегментировали лишь одну из фаз сканирования (артериальную/венозную) в 3D-режиме. В настоящее время путем текстурного анализа исследователи преследуют решение двух основных задач — дифференцировка различных гистологических классов кист ПЖ и определение степени дифференцировки опухолевых кист. Открытым остается вопрос стандартизации предварительной обработки изображений и условий сегментации. В нашем исследовании были проанализированы четыре фазы контрастного усиления (нативная, артериальная, венозная и отсроченная) в различных параметрах сегментации. В отличие от ряда работ, в нашем исследовании в качестве предикторов дифференцировки не было отобрано ни одного показателя более высокого порядка. Также в нашем исследовании не выявлено статистически значимых текстурных показателей-предикторов для венозной фазы сканирования.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Текстурный анализ КТ-изображений позволяет с высокой точностью дифференцировать опухолевые и неопухолевые кистозные образования поджелудочной железы на дооперационном этапе. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION: Until now, diagnosis the subtype of pancreas cystic lesion remains a major challenge. The accuracy of preoperative invasive diagnosis procedures is still very difficult due to the low cellularity of the aspirate. Accuracy verification of nature lesion’s is essential for predicting tactical planning and planning interventions.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic significance of texture analysis of contrast enhancement СT in differentiation of tumor and tumor-like pancreatic cystic lesions; to compare results of application of two models (2D and 3D) segmentation of CT images; to develop a diagnostic model including texture features to differentiate tumor and tumor-like pancreatic cystic lesions.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and CT data of 40 patients with pancreatic cystic lesions were collected for this study. Among these patients, 15 were pathologically diagnosed with serous cystadenoma, 15 were diagnosed with mucinous cystadenoma and 10 were diagnosed with pseudocyst. The radiomic features were extracted from four CT phases (native, arterial, venous and delayed). All images were normalized prior to the radiomics analysis, using spatial resampling with fixed voxel size of 1 mm3 (RES) and density threshold from 0 to 200 HU. For each phase, one radiologist (3 year`s experience in abdominal imaging) segmented the lesion contour on each slice (3D) and on the slice with maximum axial diameter (2D).</p></sec><sec><title>Statistics</title><p>Statistics: The program R 4.3.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) was used. The Mann-Whitney test and AUC with 95% confidence interval were used to assess the discriminative texture predictors for tumour types. Texture features were included in the analysis after standardization, and L1 (LASSO) regularization was used to select predictors. Finally, discriminative models were evaluated by bootstrap estimation and Matthews correlation coefficient.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: Using 3D segmentation is preferable for differentiation of tumor and tumor-like pancreatic cystic lesions. A 2-D radiomics diagnostic model was included features (INTENSITY-HISTOGRAM_IntensityHistogram75th Percentile, MORPHOLOGICAL_Volume, INTENSITY-BASED_StandardDeviation) from native and arterial phases. It was resulted in an average AUC 0.89, with an sensitivity and specificity 70 and 93.3% according to pseudocysts, 73.3 and 92% according to mucinous cystadenomas, 86.7 and 80% according to serous cystadenomas. A 3-D radiomics diagnostic model was included features (MORPHOLOGICAL_SurfaceToVolumeRatio, INTENSITY-BASED_StandardDeviation, GLCM_Correlation, GLSZM_ZonePercentage) from native, arterial and delayed phases. It was resulted in an average AUC 0.96, with an sensitivity and specificity 80 and 96.7% according to pseudocysts, 86.7 and 88% according to mucinous cystadenomas, 80 and 88% according to serous cystadenomas. DISCUSSION: Currently, textural analysis is aimed at solve two main problems — differentiation of histological classes and grade of pancreatic cysts. The standardization of pre-processing and segmentation remains an unresolved issue. At the time of this study, we haven`t found any papers analyzing all the phases of CT imaging. A review of publications revealed that in the majority of cases researchers analyzed only one phase (arterial/venous) by 3D-segmentation. In our study, four phases of CT (native, arterial, venous and delayed) were analyzed by two types of segmentaion. In order to reduce texture ranges and offset the segmentation errors, we investigate preprocessing steps such as density distribitions (0–200 HU) and voxel resampling 1 mm3 (RES). In contrast to other papers, in our study there are no statistically significant textural features for the venous phase. Also, we don`t identify higher-order textural features as a differentiation predictors.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: Texture analysis of contrast enhancement СT have a favorable differential diagnostic performance for tumor and tumor-like cystic lesions of the pancreas.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поджелудочная железа</kwd><kwd>кистозная опухоль</kwd><kwd>радиомика</kwd><kwd>текстурный анализ</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pancreas</kwd><kwd>cystic tumor</kwd><kwd>radiomics</kwd><kwd>texture analysis</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chu L.C., Park S., Soleimani S. et al. 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