<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ldt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лучевая диагностика и терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-5343</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2079-5343-2025-16-1-85-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ldt-1069</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение двух классификаций расширения чашечно-лоханочной системы UTD и SFU в прогнозировании необходимости хирургического лечения уропатий у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of two classifications of the calyx-pelvic system dilation UTD and SFU in predicting surgical treatment of uropathies in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4509-4154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сугак</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sugak</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сугак Анна Борисовна — доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела ультразвуковой диагностики в неонатологии и педиатрии</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna B. Sugak — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher in Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics in Neonatology and Pediatrics</p><p>117997, Moscow, Oparina str., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sugak08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-9840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабатова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babatova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабатова Саида Ибрагимовна — врач ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>367013, Республика Дагестан, Махачкала, ул. Малыгина, д. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saida I. Babatova  — ultrasound diagnostics doctor</p><p>367013 Malygina str., 7, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saida07707@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-1736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филиппова Елена Александровна — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отдела ультразвуковой диагностики в неонатологии и педиатрии; доцент кафедры лучевой диагностики детского возраста</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Filippova — Cand. of Sci. (Med.)., Head of the Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics in Neonatology and Pediatrics; Associate Professor of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics of Children</p><p>117997, Moscow, Oparina str., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fla77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9928-6234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подуровская</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podurovskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Подуровская Юлия Леонидовна — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением хирургии новорожденных</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Академика Опарина, д. 4 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia L. Podurovskaya — Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Neonatal Surgery Department</p><p>117997, Moscow, Oparina str., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">y_podurovskaya@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-6263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пыков</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pykov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пыков Михаил Иванович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой лучевой диагностики детского возраста</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michail I. Pykov — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director, Division of Pediatric Radiology</p><p> 125993, Barricadnaya str. 2/1, building 1, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pykov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8370-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батдалова</surname><given-names>З. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batdalova</surname><given-names>Z. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Батдалова Зульфия Набиюллаевна — кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры педиатрии ФПК и ППС; генеральный директор, врач ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>367013, Республика Дагестан, Махачкала, ул. Малыгина, д. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zulfiya N. Batdalova — Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Assistant of the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists; General Director and ultrasound diagnostics doctor</p><p>367013, Malygina str., 7, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В. И. Кулакова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after аcademician V. I. Kulakov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская клиника Кидней</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kidney Children’s Clinic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В. И. Кулакова; Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after аcademician V. I. Kulakov; Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская клиника Кидней; Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kidney Children’s Clinic; Dagestan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сугак А.Б., Бабатова С.И., Филиппова Е.А., Подуровская Ю.Л., Пыков М.И., Батдалова З.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сугак А.Б., Бабатова С.И., Филиппова Е.А., Подуровская Ю.Л., Пыков М.И., Батдалова З.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sugak A.B., Babatova S.I., Filippova E.A., Podurovskaya Y.L., Pykov M.I., Batdalova Z.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1069">https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1069</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Для определения тактики ведения детей с  расширением чашечно-лоханочной системы (ЧЛС) необходимы точные критерии нормы и патологии, а также степени риска неблагоприятных исходов. Новая классификация расширения мочевыделительной системы (Urinary tract dilation — UTD 2014) создана для стандартизации первичного ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ) и дальнейшего ведения таких пациентов, однако она нуждается в валидации в клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: Сравнить две классификации расширения ЧЛС (UTD и SFU) в прогнозировании необходимости хирургического лечения уропатий у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В ретроспективное исследование включены 152 ребенка с расширением ЧЛС вследствие различных уропатий. Проведена оценка результатов УЗИ органов мочевыделительной системы пациентов в  соответствии с SFU и UTD и анализ частоты и сроков хирургических вмешательств для коррекции уропатий.</p></sec><sec><title>Статистика</title><p>Статистика: Данные представлены в виде медианы, минимального и максимального значений, интерквартильного размаха, для сравнения групп использовался метод Краскала–Уоллиса и U-тест Манна–Уитни. Кривые выживаемости без хирургического вмешательства построены методом Каплана–Мейера. Диагностическая значимость прогностической модели оценивалась методом ROC-кривых. Различия считали достоверными при p &lt; 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Медиана возраста пациентов на  момент первого УЗИ составила 4 дня, медиана длительности наблюдения  — 10  месяцев. Оперативное лечение проведено 27 (18%) пациентам: 0/8/35/60% пациентов с  категориями SFU I/II/III/IV; 0/2/31/60% пациентов с категориями UTD 0/I/II/III соответственно. Обе классификации позволили с высокой точностью стратифицировать риски хирургического вмешательства (AUC 0,836 и 0,873 для SFU и UTD соответственно). Кривые безоперационной выживаемости пациентов в зависимости от категории SFU различались, однако различия между SFU I и II, а также SFU III и IV не были достоверными; кривые UTD 0 и I практически совпадали, в то время как различия между остальными категориями UTD были статистически достоверными (p≤0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ: Основными отличиями классификации UTD от SFU является то, что помимо описания ЧЛС и паренхимы почки в нее добавлены УЗ-характеристики мочеточников и мочевого пузыря, а также предложено более низкое пороговое значение передне-заднего размера лоханки — вариантом нормы считают ее изолированное расширение до 10 мм (согласно SFU — 5–7 мм). Данные нашего исследования продемонстрировали, что новые нормативы размера лоханки не приводят к недооценке степени риска уропатий у детей, а дополнительные УЗ-признаки позволяют стратифицировать риски не только для пациентов с изолированным гидронефрозом, как SFU, но и для пациентов с другими уропатиями (пузырно-мочеточниковый рефлюкс, обструкция уретеро-везикального соустья, уретероцеле).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: UTD обладает высокой точностью в  прогнозировании необходимости хирургического вмешательства у детей с расширением ЧЛС и не уступает в этом SFU. Изолированное расширение лоханки до 10 мм и центральных чашечек не увеличивает вероятность оперативного лечения и может расцениваться как вариант нормы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION: Accurate criteria of norm and pathology, as well as assessment of the degree of risk of adverse outcomes, are necessary to determine the managing of children with dilated calyx-pelvic system (CPS). The new classification of urinary tract dilation (UTD 2014) was created to standardize the primary ultrasound examination (US) and further management of such patients, but it needs validation in clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare two classifications of the dilation of the CPS (UTD and SFU) in predicting the need for surgical treatment of uropathies in children.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study included 152 children with dilated CPS due to various uropathies. The results of US of the urinary tract in accordance with the SFU and UTD classifications and the analysis of the frequency and time of surgical interventions for the correction of uropathies were evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>Statistics</title><p>Statistics: The data are presented as median, minimum and maximum, interquartile range. The Kraskal-Wallis method and the Mann–Whitney U-test were used to compare the groups. Surgery-free survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meyer method. The diagnostic significance of the prognostic model was assessed by the ROC curve method. The differences were considered significant at p &lt; 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: The median age of patients at the time of the first US was 4 days, the median follow–up was 10 months. Surgical treatment was performed in 27 (18%) patients: 0/8/35/60% of patients with SFU categories I/II/III/IV; 0/2/31/60% of patients with UTD categories 0/I/II/III, respectively. Both classifications made it possible to stratify the risk of surgical intervention with high accuracy (AUC 0,836 and 0,873 for SFU and UTD, respectively). Surgery-free survival curves of patients differed depending on the SFU category, however, the differences between SFU I and II, as well as SFU III and IV were not significant; the curves of UTD 0 and I practically coincided, while the differences between the other UTD categories were statistically significant (p≤0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION: The main differences between the UTD and the SFU classifications is that, besides to describing the CPS and renal parenchyma, US characteristics of the ureters and bladder were added, and a lower threshold value of the anterior-posterior pelvis size was proposed — its isolated expansion to 10 mm is considered a variant of the norm (according to SFU — 5–7 mm). The data of our study demonstrated that the new standards for the pelvis size do not lead to an underestimation of the risk of uropathies in children, and additional US signs make it possible to stratify the risks not only for patients with isolated hydronephrosis, such as SFU, but also for patients with other uropathies (vesicoureteral reflux, obstruction of the ureterovesical junction, ureterocele).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS: The UTD has high accuracy in predicting the need for surgical intervention in children with dilated CPS and is not inferior to the SFU in this. Isolated expansion of the pelvis to 10 mm and central calyces does not increase the likelihood of surgical treatment and can be regarded as a variant of the norm.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мочевыделительная система</kwd><kwd>расширение чашечно-лоханочной системы</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urinary tract</kwd><kwd>calyx-pelvic system dilation</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>ultrasound</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлова В.С., Крючко Д.С., Подуровская Ю.Л., Пекарева Н.А. Врожденные пороки развития почек и мочевыводящих путей: анализ современных принципов диагностики и прогностически значимых маркеров поражения почечной ткани // Неонатология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2018. Т. 6, № 2. С. 78–86. https://doi.org/10.24411/2308-2402-2018-00020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlova V.S., Kryuchko D.S., Podurovskaya Yu.L., Pekareva N.A. Congenital malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract: analysis of modern diagnostic principles and prognostically significant markers of renal tissue damage. Neonatology: news, opinions, training, 2018, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 78–86 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24411/2308-2402-2018-00020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sairam S., Al-Habib A., Sasson S., Thilaganathan B. Natural history of fetal hydronephrosis diagnosed on mid-trimester ultrasound // Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2001. Vol. 17, Nо. 3. P. 191–196. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.00333.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sairam S., Al-Habib A., Sasson S., Thilaganathan B. Natural history of fetal hydronephrosis diagnosed on mid-trimester ultrasound // Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 2001. Vol. 17, Nо. 3. P. 191–196. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.00333.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ismaili K., Hall M., Donner C. et al. Results of systematic screening for minor degrees of fetal renal pelvis dilatation in an unselected population // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003. Vol. 188, Nо. 1. P. 242–246. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ismaili K., Hall M., Donner C. et al. Results of systematic screening for minor degrees of fetal renal pelvis dilatation in an unselected population // Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2003. Vol. 188, Nо. 1. P. 242–246. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левитская М.В., Меновщикова Л.Б., Голоденко Н.В. и др. Диагностический алгоритм у младенцев с антенатально выявленной пиелоэктазией // Детская хирургия. 2012. № 1. С. 7–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evitskaya M.V., Menovshchikova L.B., Golodenko N.V. et al. Diagnostic algorithm for infants with antenatally detected pyelectasis. Pediatric surgery, 2012, No. 1, pp. 7–11 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herthelius M. Antenatally detected urinary tract dilatation: long-term outcome // Pediatric Nephrology. 2023. Vol. 38. P. 3221–3227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-023-05907-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herthelius M. Antenatally detected urinary tract dilatation: long-term outcome // Pediatric Nephrology. 2023. Vol. 38. P. 3221–3227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-023-05907-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сугак А.Б., Бабатова С.И., Филиппова Е.А. и др. Расширение чашечно-лоханочной системы у детей: классификации, тактика лечения // Неонатология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2022. Т. 10, № 3. С. 33–43. https://doi.org/10.33029/2308-2402–2022-10-3-33-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sugak A.B., Babatova S.I., Filippova E.A. et al. Expansion of the pyelocaliceal system in children: classifications, treatment tactics. Neonatology: news, opinions, training, 2022, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 33–43 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33029/2308-2402–2022-10-3-33-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen H.T., Benson C.B., Bromley B. et al. Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system) // J. Pediatr. Urol. 2014. Vol. 10, N 6. P. 982–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.10.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen H.T., Benson C.B., Bromley B. et al. Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system) // J. Pediatr. Urol. 2014. Vol. 10, N 6. P. 982–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2014.10.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riccabona M., Avni F.E., Blickman J.G. et al. Imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology: minutes of the ESPR workgroup session on urinary tract infection, fetal hydronephrosis, urinary tract ultrasongraphy and voiding cystourethrography, Barcelona, Spain, June 2007 // Pediatr Radiol. 2008. Vol. 38, Nо. 2. P. 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-007-0695-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riccabona M., Avni F.E., Blickman J.G. et al. Imaging recommendations in paediatric uroradiology: minutes of the ESPR workgroup session on urinary tract infection, fetal hydronephrosis, urinary tract ultrasongraphy and voiding cystourethrography, Barcelona, Spain, June 2007 // Pediatr Radiol. 2008. Vol. 38, Nо. 2. P. 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-007-0695-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodhod A., Capolicchio J.P., Jednak R. et al. Evaluation of urinary tract dilation classification system for grading postnatal hydronephrosis // J. Urol. 2016. Vol. 195, Nо. 3. P. 725–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodhod A., Capolicchio J.P., Jednak R. et al. Evaluation of urinary tract dilation classification system for grading postnatal hydronephrosis // J. Urol. 2016. Vol. 195, Nо. 3. P. 725–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braga L.H., McGrath M., Farrokhyar F. et al. Association of initial society for fetal urology grades and urinary tract dilatation risk groups with clinical outcomes in patients with isolated prenatal hydronephrosis // J. Urol. 2017. Vol. 197 (3 Pt 2). P. 831–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braga L.H., McGrath M., Farrokhyar F. et al. Association of initial society for fetal urology grades and urinary tract dilatation risk groups with clinical outcomes in patients with isolated prenatal hydronephrosis // J. Urol. 2017. Vol. 197 (3 Pt 2). P. 831–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nelson C.P., Lee R.S., Trout A.T. et al. The association of postnatal urinary tract dilation risk score with clinical outcomes // J. Pediatr. Urol. 2019. Vol. 15, Nо. 4. P. 341. e1–341.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.05.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nelson C.P., Lee R.S., Trout A.T. et al. The association of postnatal urinary tract dilation risk score with clinical outcomes // J. Pediatr. Urol. 2019. Vol. 15, Nо. 4. P. 341. e1–341.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.05.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melo F.F., Vasconcelos M.A., Mak R.H. et al. Postnatal urinary tract dilatation classification: improvement of the accuracy in predicting kidney injury // Pediatric Nephrology. 2022. Vol. 37. P. 613–623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05254-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melo F.F., Vasconcelos M.A., Mak R.H. et al. Postnatal urinary tract dilatation classification: improvement of the accuracy in predicting kidney injury // Pediatric Nephrology. 2022. Vol. 37. P. 613–623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05254-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang J.J., Kim P.H., Yoon H.M. et al. Application of the postnatal urinary tract dilation classification system to predict the need for surgical intervention among neonates and young infants // Ultrasonography. 2023. Vol. 42, Nо. 1. P. 136–146. https://doi.org/10.14366/usg.22035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang J.J., Kim P.H., Yoon H.M. et al. Application of the postnatal urinary tract dilation classification system to predict the need for surgical intervention among neonates and young infants // Ultrasonography. 2023. Vol. 42, Nо. 1. P. 136–146. https://doi.org/10.14366/usg.22035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen H.T., Phelps A., Coley B. et al. 2021 update on the urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system: clarifications, review of the literature, and practical suggestions // Pediatr. Radiol. 2022. Vol. 52, Nо. 4. P. 740–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-05263-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen H.T., Phelps A., Coley B. et al. 2021 update on the urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system: clarifications, review of the literature, and practical suggestions // Pediatr. Radiol. 2022. Vol. 52, Nо. 4. P. 740–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-05263-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han M., Kim H.G., Lee J-D. et al. Conversion and reliability of two urological grading systems in infants: the Society for Fetal Urology and the urinary tract dilation classification system // Pediat. Radiol. 2017. Vol. 47, Nо. 1. P. 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-016-3721-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han M., Kim H.G., Lee J-D. et al. Conversion and reliability of two urological grading systems in infants: the Society for Fetal Urology and the urinary tract dilation classification system // Pediat. Radiol. 2017. Vol. 47, Nо. 1. P. 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-016-3721-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onen A. An alternative grading system to refine the criteria for severity of hydronephrosis and optimal treatment guidelines in neonates with primary UPJ-type hydronephrosis // J. Pediatr. Urol. 2007. Vol. 3, Nо. 3. P. 200–205. https://doi:org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2006.08.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onen A. An alternative grading system to refine the criteria for severity of hydronephrosis and optimal treatment guidelines in neonates with primary UPJ-type hydronephrosis // J. Pediatr. Urol. 2007. Vol. 3, Nо. 3. P. 200–205. https://doi:org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2006.08.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadioglu A. Renal measurements, including length, parenchymal thickness, and medullary pyramid thickness, in healthy children: what are the normative ultrasound values? // Am. J. Roentgenol. 2010. Vol. 194. P. 509–515. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.2986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadioglu A. Renal measurements, including length, parenchymal thickness, and medullary pyramid thickness, in healthy children: what are the normative ultrasound values? // Am. J. Roentgenol. 2010. Vol. 194. P. 509–515. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.2986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jequier S., Rousseau O. Sonographic measurements of the normal bladder wall in children // Am. J. Roentgenol. 1987. Vol. 149. P. 563–566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jequier S., Rousseau O. Sonographic measurements of the normal bladder wall in children // Am. J. Roentgenol. 1987. Vol. 149. P. 563–566.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
