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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ldt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лучевая диагностика и терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-5343</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2079-5343-2026-17-2-74-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ldt-1250</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование магнитно-резонансной томографии с динамическим контрастным усилением в дифференциальной диагностике маммографически выявляемых асимметрий молочной железы: проспективное когортное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast enhancement in the discrimination of mammographically revealed asymmetric density: a prospective cohort study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5689-8815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меринов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merinov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Меринов Сергей Николаевич - врач-рентгенолог рентгеновского отделения</p><p>424036, Йошкар-Ола, ул. Осипенко, д. 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Serguei N. Merinov - radiologist, department of radiology in Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Mari El Republic</p><p>22 Osipenko St., 424036 Yoshkar-Ola</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">xhafabayer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1888-2307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасынков</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasynkov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пасынков Дмитрий Валерьевич - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой лучевой диагностики и онкологии; заведующий рентгеновским отделением</p><p>424036, Йошкар-Ола, ул. Осипенко, д. 22 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Pasynkov - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), associate professor, head of the department of radiology and oncology in Mari State University, head of the department of radiology in Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Mari El Republic</p><p>22 Osipenko St., 424036 Yoshkar-Ola</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">passynkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-4746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тухбатуллин</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tukhbatullin</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тухбатуллин Мунир Габдулфатович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Муштари, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Munir G. Tukhbatullin - Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound</p><p>11 Mushtari St, 420012 Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">munir.tuhbatullin@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0844-3731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михальцова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaltsova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михальцова Марина Алексеевна - врач-онколог отделения амбулаторной диагностики и лечения</p><p>424036, Йошкар-Ола, ул. Осипенко, д. 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Mikhaltsova - oncologist, department of out-patient diagnostics and treatment in Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Mari El Republic</p><p>22 Osipenko St., 424036 Yoshkar-Ola</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina-mikhaltssova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7513-2217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бусыгина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Busygina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бусыгина Ольга Валерьевна - кандидат медицинских наук, кафедра лучевой диагностики и онкологии, доцент; врач-рентгенолог рентгеновского отделения государственного бюджетного учреждения </p><p>424036, Йошкар-Ола, ул. Осипенко, д. 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Busygina Cand. of Sci. (Med.), department of radiology and oncology in Mari State University, associate professor; radiologist, department of radiology in Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Mari El Republic</p><p>22 Osipenko St., 424036 Yoshkar-Ola</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">busigina.olga@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-092X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романычева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanycheva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романычева Екатерина Андреевна - врач-рентгенолог рентгеновского отделения</p><p>424036, Йошкар-Ола, ул. Осипенко, д. 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Romanycheva - radiologist, department of radiology in Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Mari El Republic</p><p>22 Osipenko St., 424036 Yoshkar-Ola</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katerina.rrr@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1980-6983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Евгений Александрович - врач-онколог отделения амбулаторной диагностики и лечения</p><p>424036, Йошкар-Ола, ул. Осипенко, д. 22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Petrov - oncologist, department of out-patient diagnostics and treatment in Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Mari El Republic</p><p>22 Osipenko St., 424036 Yoshkar-Ola</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petr-jeka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Марийский государственный университет; Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mari State University; Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Mari El Republic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Марийский государственный университет; Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер; Казанская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mari State University; Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Mari El Republic; Kazan State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Oncology Dispensary of Mari El Republic</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Меринов С.Н., Пасынков Д.В., Тухбатуллин М.Г., Михальцова М.А., Бусыгина О.В., Романычева Е.А., Петров Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Меринов С.Н., Пасынков Д.В., Тухбатуллин М.Г., Михальцова М.А., Бусыгина О.В., Романычева Е.А., Петров Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Merinov S.N., Pasynkov D.V., Tukhbatullin M.G., Mikhaltsova M.A., Busygina O.V., Romanycheva E.A., Petrov E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1250">https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/1250</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) представляет собой одну из наиболее сложных и актуальных проблем в современной клинической онкологии, требуя для оптимизации выживаемости комплексного подхода, в котором ключевое значение имеет раннее выявление заболевания. В настоящее время маммография остается базовым методом скрининга, обладая сравнительно высокой чувствительностью, однако специфичность маммографии невелика. Особые сложности возникают при интерпретации изменений категории BI-RADS 3, где вероятность злокачественности не превышает 2%. К таким изменениям относятся асимметрии, выявляемые в 1–2% всех маммографических исследований. В то же время привлекает возможность использования магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ), характеризующейся отсутствием лучевой нагрузки, а также возможностью дифференцирования тканей как по характеристикам МР-сигнала, так и по кинетике накопления и вымывания контрастного вещества.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: Оценка диагностической ценности магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) молочной железы (МЖ) с динамическим контрастированием (ДК) в дифференциальной диагностике маммографически выявляемых асимметрий МЖ. </p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Включено 57 пациенток в возрасте 43,13±6,57 года, у которых при выполнении маммографии были выявлены асимметрии. Всем пациенткам выполняли сбор анамнеза и клиническое обследование МЖ, а также анализ и оценку результатов других исследований МЖ. МРТ МЖ с динамическим контрастированием выполняли на системе Siemens Amira (Германия) с напряженностью магнитного поля 1,5 Т с контрастным усилением гадобутролом в дозе 7,5 мл (1 ммоль) со скоростью 3–5 мл/с. Верификацию изменений осуществляли по результатам цито- и/или гистологического исследований либо наблюдения в течение минимум 3 лет.</p></sec><sec><title>Статистика</title><p>Статистика: сравнение нормально распределенных выборок производили с использованием t-критерия Стьюдента, ненормально распределенных — с использованием критериев Уилкоксона и хи-квадрат. Статистическую достоверность констатировали при получении значений р&lt;0,05. Рассчитывали также значения чувствительности и специфичности для перекрестных таблиц 2×2.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Истинные асимметрии без объемного образования включали физиологические асимметрии, обусловленные неравномерным распределением железистой или фиброзной ткани, и асимметричный отек МЖ. Первый вариант встречался наиболее часто (50,86% наблюдений), при этом отмечалось наличие асимметрично расположенных скоплений железистофиброзной ткани в зонах, суммация которых соответствовала наблюдаемым при маммографии изменениям. Асимметричный отек МЖ может быть обусловлен как отечно-инфильтративым РМЖ, так и различными вариантами доброкачественного отека, встречался достаточно редко (3,51% всех случаев). О злокачественной природе отека свидетельствовали признаки метастатического поражения регионарных лимфоузлов либо наличие участков паренхимы, демонстрировавших подозрительную динамику контрастирования. Истинные асимметрии, обусловленные наличием объемного образования, могли быть обусловлены РМЖ (12,28% наблюдений) либо доброкачественными образованиями (22,81% наблюдений).</p><p>У 49,12% пациенток отмечалось накопление контраста в зоне асимметрии. ACR I тип кинетической кривой имел место в 50,0% случаев и во всех случаях соответствовал доброкачественным изменениям и поэтому характеризовался 100% прогностической ценностью положительного результата в отношении доброкачественной природы асимметрии. ACR II тип кинетической кривой был зафиксирован в 25,0% случаев; чувствительность и специфичность данного типа кинетической кривой в отношении асимметрий, обусловленных РМЖ, составили 60,0% и 82,61% соответственно. ACR III тип имел место у 25,0% пациенток. Чувствительность и специфичность данного типа кинетической кривой в отношении РМЖ составили 40,0% (p&lt;0,001) и 78,26% (p=0,053).</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ: Технические асимметрии, обусловленные различиями экспозиции, компрессии или укладки контралатеральных МЖ при получении маммографических изображений, по нашему мнению, достаточно легко идентифицируются при рутинной скрининговой маммографии и не подлежат дальнейшему анализу, требуя получения технически корректных изображений. Ятрогенные асимметрии (послеоперационные рубцы) встречаются достаточно часто (14,04% в нашей выборке), однако также хорошо идентифицируются при клиническом обследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Общая чувствительность МРТ с ДК в диагностике инвазивного РМЖ на фоне маммографически выявляемых асимметрий составила 100%, специфичность — 69,57%.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most complex and significant problems in modern clinical oncology. This malignancy demands a multidisciplinary approach to improve survival, in which early detection plays a key role. Currently, mammography remains the only screening modality with relatively high sensitivity, but its specificity is only moderate. It is particularly difficult to differentiate BI-RADS 3 findings, for which the probability of malignancy does not exceed 2%. Asymmetric density represents one such finding, observed in 1–2% of all mammograms. In this context, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which does not use ionizing radiation and allows tissue characterization based on both intrinsic MR signal and contrast uptake and wash‑out kinetics — is of particular interest.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast‑enhanced breast MRI in differentiating mammographically detected asymmetric densities.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 57 women (mean age 43.13±6.57 years) who had an asymmetric density on mammography. For all women, we obtained the clinical history and performed a physical breast examination. We also reviewed the findings of other breast imaging modalities. Breast MRI was performed using a Siemens Amira 1.5 T scanner (Siemens, Germany). For contrast enhancement, we administered gadobutrol (7.5 mL, 1 mmol; infusion rate 3–5 mL/s). Lesion verification was achieved by histopathological examination or a minimum 3‑year follow-up.</p></sec><sec><title>Statistics</title><p>Statistics: normally distributed continuous variables were compared using the Student t-test; non-normally distributed variables were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test or the χ2 test, as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at р&lt; 0.05. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were calculated from 2×2 contingency tables.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: True asymmetric densities without a focal lesion comprised physiological asymmetries caused by uneven distribution of glandular or fibrous tissue, as well as asymmetric breast edema. The former was observed in the majority of cases (50.86%). These cases demonstrated typical asymmetric islands of glandular and fibrous tissue, the summation of which could produce the mammographic finding. Asymmetric breast edema could be caused by inflammatory breast cancer or various benign conditions and was found relatively infrequently (3.51% of all cases). Malignant edema was characterized by signs of regional lymph node metastasis or by parenchymal areas with suspicious enhancement kinetics. True asymmetric densities caused by focal lesions were attributable to breast cancer (12.28%) or benign masses (22.81%).</p><p>Contrast enhancement in the area of asymmetry was observed in 49.12% of patients. Type I (persistent) enhancement was seen in 50.0% of cases without malignancy, yielding a positive predictive value for benign asymmetry of 100%. Type II (plateau) enhancement was found in 25.0% of cases; its sensitivity and specificity for breast cancer were 60.0% and 82.61%, respectively. Type III (washout) enhancement was observed in 25.0% of patients, with sensitivity and specificity for breast cancer of 40.0% (p&lt;0.001) and 78.26% (р=0.053), respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION: Technical asymmetric densities resulting from differences in exposure, compression, or breast positioning during mammography are usually easy to recognize and require technically adequate images for interpretation. Iatrogenic asymmetries (postsurgical scars) were common (14.04% of our series) but are readily identified on clinical examination.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for detecting invasive breast cancer in areas of mammographic asymmetry was 100%, but its specificity was only moderate (69.57%).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>маммография</kwd><kwd>асимметрия</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>mammography</kwd><kwd>asymmetric density</kwd><kwd>discrimination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L. et al. 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