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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ldt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лучевая диагностика и терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-5343</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2079-5343-2020-11-1-9-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ldt-475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Искусственный интеллект в медицине: современное состояние и основные направления развития интеллектуальной диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Artiﬁcial intelligence in medicine: current state and main directions of development of the intellectual diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-9901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелдо</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meldo</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мелдо Анна Александровна — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории нейросетевых технологий и искусственного интеллекта федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого»; заведующая отделением лучевой диагностики Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения «Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи (онкологический)». SPIN 7434-6468</p><p>195251, Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 29197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, Ленинградская ул., д. 68, лит. А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аnna А. Meldo</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.meldo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-1420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткин</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkin</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уткин Лев Владимирович — доктор технических наук, профессор, директор высшей школы прикладной математики и вычислительной физики, заведующий научно-исследовательской лаборатории нейросетевых технологий и искусственного интеллекта. SPIN 6420-0722</p><p>195251, Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lev V. Utkin</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lev.utkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Troﬁmova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трофимова Татьяна Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры рентгенологии и радиологии федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова» Минздрава России; заместитель генерального директора/главный врач медицинской компании «АВАПетер», директор научно-клинического и образовательного центра «Лучевая диагностика и ядерная медицина» федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, д. 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Тatiyana N. Troﬁmova</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trofimova-TN@avaclinic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого; Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи (онкологический)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Peter the Great Polytechnic University; St. Peterburg Clinical Research Center оf Specialized Types оf Medical Care (oncological)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Peter the Great Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мелдо А.А., Уткин Л.В., Трофимова Т.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мелдо А.А., Уткин Л.В., Трофимова Т.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meldo A.A., Utkin L.V., Troﬁmova T.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/475">https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/475</self-uri><abstract><p>Главное отличие систем искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) от простых автоматизированных алгоритмов заключается в способности к обучению, обобщению и выводу. Система ИИ обучается на множестве примеров, включая снимки, характеристики пациентов с определенным заболеванием, далее она позволяет обобщить множество таких примеров и получить некоторую общую функциональную зависимость, которая приводит в соответствие данные о пациенте и определенный диагноз. Интеллектуальной система становится при реализации этой обобщающей способности. Несмотря на то, что в настоящее время тематика ИИ становится более понимаемой и принимаемой врачами, необходимо более глубокое понимание «как это работает». В статье приводится детальный обзор применения методов и моделей искусственного интеллекта в диагностике онкологических заболеваний на основе данных мультимодальной лучевой диагностики. Даны основные понятия искусственного интеллекта и направления его использования. С точки зрения обработки данных этапы разработки систем ИИ идентичны. В статье рассмотрены этапы интеллектуальной обработки диагностических данных, которые включают создание и использование обучающих баз данных онкологических заболеваний, предварительную обработку снимков, сегментацию изображений для выделения исследуемых объектов диагностики и классификацию этих объектов для определения, являются ли они злокачественными или доброкачественными. Одной из проблем, ограничивающих принятие развития систем ИИ медицинским сообществом, является несовершенство объяснимости результатов, получаемых при помощи интеллектуальных систем. В статье затронуты важные вопросы разработки объяснительного интеллекта, отсутствие которого в настоящее время существенно тормозит внедрение и использование интеллектуальных систем диагностики в медицине. Кроме того, цель статьи — путь к развитию взаимодействия между врачом и специалистом по искусственному интеллекту.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main difference between artificial intelligence (AI) systems and simple automated algorithms is the ability to learn, synthesize and conclude. The AI system is trained on a set of examples, including pictures, characteristics of patients with a certain disease, then it allows to generalize a lot of such examples and get some general functional dependence, which brings in line the patient data and a certain diagnosis. The system can be named intelligent if this synthetizing ability is realized. Although the AI systems are now becoming more understood and accepted by doctors, a deeper understanding of «how it works» is needed. The article provides a detailed review of the application of methods and models of artificial intelligence in the diagnostics of cancer based on the of multimodal instrumental data. The basic concepts of artificial intelligence and directions of its development are presented. From the point of view of data processing, the stages of development of AI systems are identical. The stages of intellectual processing of diagnostic data are considered in the paper. They include the acquisition and use of training databases of oncological diseases, pre-processing of images, segmentation to highlight the studied objects of diagnosis and classification of these objects to determine whether they are malignant or benign. One of the problems limiting the acceptance of AI systems development by the medical community is the imperfection of the explainability of the results obtained by intelligent systems. Authors pay attention to importance of the development of so-called explanatory intelligence, because its absence currently significantly inhibits the introduction and use of intelligent diagnostic systems in medicine. In addition, the purpose of the article is a way to develop the interaction between a radiologists and data scientists.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>онкологические заболевания</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>oncological diseases</kwd><kwd>intellectual diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-11-00078).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian science Foundation (project No. 18-11-00078).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haenssle H.A., Fink C., Schneiderbauer R., Toberer F., Buhl T., Blum A., Kalloo A., Hassen A.B.H., Thomas L., Enk A., Uhlmann L. 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