<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ldt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лучевая диагностика и терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-5343</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2079-5343-2021-12-2-30-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ldt-619</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение систем искусственного интеллекта в  нейрорадиологии острого ишемического инсульта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Аpplication of artificial intelligence systems in neuroradiology of acute ischemic stroke</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-493X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андропова</surname><given-names>П. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andropova</surname><given-names>Р. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андропова Полина Леонидовна — аспирант федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки «Институт мозга человека имени Н.П.Бехтеревой»;  врач кабинета компьютерной томографии рентгеновского отделения</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика. Павлова, д. 9</p><p>195257, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Вавиловых, д. 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina L. Andropova</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polin.and@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-4084</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаврилов Павел Владимирович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент научно-клинического и образовательного центра «Лучевая диагностика и ядерная медицина» научно- клинического и образовательного центра «Лучевая диагностика и ядерная медицина»</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, д. 7–9</p><p>SPIN-код 7824–5374</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Gavrilov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">spbniifrentgen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9306-2101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинцева</surname><given-names>Ж. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savintseva</surname><given-names>Zh. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савинцева Жанна Игоревна — кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории нейровизуализации</p><p>197376, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, д. 9</p><p>SPIN-код 6620–9449</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna I. Savintseva</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jeanna.mri@ihb.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-589X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вовк</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vovk</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вовк Андрей Владиславович — кандидат медицинских наук, врач-хирург, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части</p><p>195257, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Вавиловых, д. 14, A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Vovk</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vav.gb3@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-2821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбин</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybin</surname><given-names>Е. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбин Евгений Владимирович — кандидат медицинских наук, врач-кардиолог, заместитель главного врача по терапии</p><p>195257, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Вавиловых, д. 14, А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Rybin</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctorrybin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мозга человека имени Н. П. Бехтеревой Российской академии наук; Городская больница Святой преподобномученицы Елизаветы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg City Hospital of the Holy Martyr Elizabeth</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт мозга человека имени Н. П. Бехтеревой Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская больница Святой преподобномученицы Елизаветы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg City Hospital of the Holy Martyr Elizabeth</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андропова П.Л., Гаврилов П.В., Савинцева Ж.И., Вовк А.В., Рыбин Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андропова П.Л., Гаврилов П.В., Савинцева Ж.И., Вовк А.В., Рыбин Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andropova Р.L., Gavrilov P.V., Savintseva Z.I., Vovk А.V., Rybin Е.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/619">https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/619</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Искусственный интеллект в настоящее время является наиболее быстро развивающейся областью, имеющей большое значение для лучевой диагностики. Цель обзора: изучить современное состояние применения систем искусственного интеллекта в визуализации острого ишемического инсульта. Результаты. В настоящее время имеется множество программных решений на основе искусственного интеллекта, позволяющих успешно применять автоматическую обработку изображений для оценки данных нейровизуализации при острых нарушениях мозгового кровообращения: раннее выявление диагностическими методами визуализации, оценка времени начала заболевания, сегментация поражения, анализ наличия и возможности возникновения отека мозга, а также прогнозирование осложнений и результатов лечения. Заключение. Первые результаты применения искусственного интеллекта для оценки данных нейровизуализации показали, что методы машинного обучения могут быть полезны в качестве инструментов принятия решений при выборе лечения для острого ишемического инсульта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Artificial intelligence is one of the fastest-growing areas of great importance to radiology. Purpose. In this article, we aimed to study the current state of the use of computer-aided imaging analysis in acute ischemic stroke. Results. There are many artificial intelligence softwares that automatic image processing can successfully identify neuroradiology image in stroke: early detection by diagnostic imaging methods, assessment of the time of disease onset, segmentation of the lesion, analysis of the presence and possibility of cerebral edema, and predicting complications and treatment outcomes. Conclusion. The first results of using artificial intelligence to evaluate neuroimaging data showed that machine-learning methods could be useful as decision-making tools when choosing a treatment for acute ischemic stroke.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd><kwd>нейровизуализация</kwd><kwd>искусственный  интеллект</kwd><kwd>острый ишемический инсульт</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>neuroradiology</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>acute ischemic stroke</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators // Lancet Neurol. 2019. Vol. 18. Р. 439–458. Published Online March 11. 2019. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30034-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. GBD 2016 Stroke Collaborators // Lancet Neurol. 2019. Vol. 18. Р. 439–458. Published Online March 11. 2019. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30034-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barber P.A., Demchuk A.M., Zhang J. et al. Validity and reliability of a quantitative computed tomography score in predicting outcome of hyperacute stroke before thrombolytic therapy // Lancet. 2000. Vol. 355. Р. 1670–1674. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02237-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barber P.A., Demchuk A.M., Zhang J. et al. Validity and reliability of a quantitative computed tomography score in predicting outcome of hyperacute stroke before thrombolytic therapy // Lancet. 2000. Vol. 355. Р. 1670–1674. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02237-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dzialowski I., Hill M.D., Coutts S.B. et al. Extent of early ischemic changes on computed tomography (CT) before thrombolysis: prognostic value of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score in ECASS II // Stroke. 2006. Vol. 37. Р. 973–9678. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000206215.62441.564.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzialowski I., Hill M.D., Coutts S.B. et al. Extent of early ischemic changes on computed tomography (CT) before thrombolysis: prognostic value of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score in ECASS II // Stroke. 2006. Vol. 37. Р. 973–9678. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000206215.62441.564.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трофимова Т.Н., Потапов А.А., Пронин И.Н., Ананьева Н.И. и др. Современные стандарты анализа лучевых изображений и алгоритмы построения заключения. Руководство для врачей. СПб., 2020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trofimova T.N., Potapov A.A., Pronin I.N., Ananyeva N.I. et al. Modern standards for the analysis of ray images and algorithms for constructing a conclusion. A guide for doctors. St. Petersburg, 2020 (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta A.C., Schaefer P.W., Chaudhry Z.A., Leslie-Mazwi T.M., Chandra R.V., González R.G. et al. Interobserver reliability of baseline noncontrast CT Alberta Stroke Program early CT score for intra-arterial stroke treatment selection // AJNR Am J. Neuroradiol. 2012. Vol. 33. Р. 1046–1049. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2942.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta A.C., Schaefer P.W., Chaudhry Z.A., Leslie-Mazwi T.M., Chandra R.V., González R.G. et al. Interobserver reliability of baseline noncontrast CT Alberta Stroke Program early CT score for intra-arterial stroke treatment selection // AJNR Am J. Neuroradiol. 2012. Vol. 33. Р. 1046–1049. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2942.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mak H.K., Yau K.K., Khong P.L., Ching A.S., Cheng P.W., Au-Yeung P.K. et al. Hypodensity of &gt;1/3 middle cerebral artery territory versus Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS): comparison of two methods of quantitative evaluation of early CT changes in hyperacute ischemic stroke in the community setting // Stroke. 2003. Vol. 34. Р. 1194–1196. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000069162.64966.71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mak H.K., Yau K.K., Khong P.L., Ching A.S., Cheng P.W., Au-Yeung P.K. et al. Hypodensity of &gt;1/3 middle cerebral artery territory versus Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS): comparison of two methods of quantitative evaluation of early CT changes in hyperacute ischemic stroke in the community setting // Stroke. 2003. Vol. 34. Р. 1194–1196. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000069162.64966.71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao Y., Healy B.C., Rotstein D., Guttmann C.R., Bakshi R., Weiner H.L. et al. Exploration of machine learning techniques in predicting multiple sclerosis disease course // PLoS ONE. 2017. Vol. 12: e0174866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174866.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao Y., Healy B.C., Rotstein D., Guttmann C.R., Bakshi R., Weiner H.L. et al. Exploration of machine learning techniques in predicting multiple sclerosis disease course // PLoS ONE. 2017. Vol. 12: e0174866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174866.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дорожная карта развития «сквозной» цифровой технологии «Нейротехнологии и искусственный интеллект», 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roadmap for the development of «end-to-end» digital technology «Neurotechnologies and Artificial Intelligence», 2019 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samuel’s Checkers Player // Sammut C., Webb G.I. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Machine Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samuel’s Checkers Player // Sammut C., Webb G.I. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Machine Learning. Springer, Boston, MA. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruz J.A., Wishart D.S. Applications of machine learning in cancer prediction and prognosis // Cancer informatics. 2006. Vol. 2, No 59, 11; Vol. 2. Р. 59– 77. PMID: 19458758; PMCID: PMC2675494.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruz J.A., Wishart D.S. Applications of machine learning in cancer prediction and prognosis // Cancer informatics. 2006. Vol. 2, No 59, 11; Vol. 2. Р. 59– 77. PMID: 19458758; PMCID: PMC2675494.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen D., Wu G., Suk H.I. Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis // Annual review of biomedical engineering. 2017. Vol. 19. Р. 221–248. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen D., Wu G., Suk H.I. Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis // Annual review of biomedical engineering. 2017. Vol. 19. Р. 221–248. doi: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou N., Siegel Z.D., Zarecor S. et al. Crowdsourcing image analysis for plant phenomics to generate ground truth data for machine learning // PLoS Comput Biol. 2018. Vol. 14, No. 7. e1006337. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006337</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou N., Siegel Z.D., Zarecor S. et al. Crowdsourcing image analysis for plant phenomics to generate ground truth data for machine learning // PLoS Comput Biol. 2018. Vol. 14, No. 7. e1006337. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006337</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamashita R., Nishio M., Do RKG., Togashi K (2018) Convolutional neural networks: an overview and application in radiology // Insights Imaging. 2018. Vol. 9, No. 4. Р. 611–629. doi: 10.1007/s13244-018-0639-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamashita R., Nishio M., Do RKG., Togashi K (2018) Convolutional neural networks: an overview and application in radiology // Insights Imaging. 2018. Vol. 9, No. 4. Р. 611–629. doi: 10.1007/s13244-018-0639-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardenas C.E., Yang J., Anderson B.M., Court L.E., Brock K.B. Advances in Auto-Segmentation. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2019. Jul. Vol. 29, No. 3. Р. 185– 197. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.02.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardenas C.E., Yang J., Anderson B.M., Court L.E., Brock K.B. Advances in Auto-Segmentation. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2019. Jul. Vol. 29, No. 3. Р. 185– 197. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.02.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gillies R.J., Kinahan P.E., Hricak H. Radiomics: Images Are More than Pictures, They Are Data // Radiology. 2016. Vol. 278. Р. 563–577. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015151169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gillies R.J., Kinahan P.E., Hricak H. Radiomics: Images Are More than Pictures, They Are Data // Radiology. 2016. Vol. 278. Р. 563–577. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2015151169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou M., Chaudhury B., Hall L.O. et al. Identifying spatial imaging biomarkers of glioblastoma multiforme for survival group prediction // J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2016. doi: 10.1002/jmri.25497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou M., Chaudhury B., Hall L.O. et al. Identifying spatial imaging biomarkers of glioblastoma multiforme for survival group prediction // J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2016. doi: 10.1002/jmri.25497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schnack H.G., Nieuwenhuis M., van Haren N.E., Abramovic L., Scheewe T.W., Brouwer R.M et al. Can structural MRI aid in clinical classification? A machine learning study in two independent samples of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy subjects // Neuroimage. 2014. Vol. 84. Р. 299–306. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schnack H.G., Nieuwenhuis M., van Haren N.E., Abramovic L., Scheewe T.W., Brouwer R.M et al. Can structural MRI aid in clinical classification? A machine learning study in two independent samples of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy subjects // Neuroimage. 2014. Vol. 84. Р. 299–306. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yankam Njiwa Y., Gray K.R., Costes N., Mauguiere F., Ryvlin P., Hammers A. Advanced [18F]FDG and [11C] flumazenil PET analysis for individual outcome prediction after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery for hippocampal sclerosis // NeuroImage: Clinical. 2015. Vol. 7. Р. 122–131. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.11.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yankam Njiwa Y., Gray K.R., Costes N., Mauguiere F., Ryvlin P., Hammers A. Advanced [18F]FDG and [11C] flumazenil PET analysis for individual outcome prediction after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery for hippocampal sclerosis // NeuroImage: Clinical. 2015. Vol. 7. Р. 122–131. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.11.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakai K., Yamada K. Machine learning studies on major brain diseases: 5-year trends of 2014–2018 // Jpn. J. Radiol. 2019. Vol. 37, No. 1. Р. 34–72. Epub 2018/12/01. doi: 10.1007/s11604-018-0794-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakai K., Yamada K. Machine learning studies on major brain diseases: 5-year trends of 2014–2018 // Jpn. J. Radiol. 2019. Vol. 37, No. 1. Р. 34–72. Epub 2018/12/01. doi: 10.1007/s11604-018-0794-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S.-H., Tang C., Sun J., Yang J., Huang C., Phillips P. et al. Multiple sclerosis identification by 14-layer convolutional neural network with batch normalization, dropout, and stochastic pooling // Front. Neurosci. 2018. Vol. 12. Р. 818. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00818.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S.-H., Tang C., Sun J., Yang J., Huang C., Phillips P. et al. Multiple sclerosis identification by 14-layer convolutional neural network with batch normalization, dropout, and stochastic pooling // Front. Neurosci. 2018. Vol. 12. Р. 818. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00818.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho K.C., Speier W., El-Saden S., Arnold C.W. Classifying acute ischemic stroke onset time using deep imaging features // AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. Washington, DC, 2017. Р. 892–901. PMID: 29854156 PMCID: PMC5977679.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho K.C., Speier W., El-Saden S., Arnold C.W. Classifying acute ischemic stroke onset time using deep imaging features // AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. Washington, DC, 2017. Р. 892–901. PMID: 29854156 PMCID: PMC5977679.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen L., Bentley P., Rueckert D. Fully automatic acute ischemic lesion segmentation in DWI using convolutional neural networks // NeuroImage. 2017. Vol. 5. Р. 633–643. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen L., Bentley P., Rueckert D. Fully automatic acute ischemic lesion segmentation in DWI using convolutional neural networks // NeuroImage. 2017. Vol. 5. Р. 633–643. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouts M.J., Tiebosch I.A., van der Toorn A., Viergever M.A., Wu O., Dijkhuizen R.M. et al. Early identification of potentially salvageable tissue with MRI-based predictive algorithms after experimental ischemic stroke // J. Cereb. Blood. Flow Metab. 2013. Vol. 33. Р. 1075–1082. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouts M.J., Tiebosch I.A., van der Toorn A., Viergever M.A., Wu O., Dijkhuizen R.M. et al. Early identification of potentially salvageable tissue with MRI-based predictive algorithms after experimental ischemic stroke // J. Cereb. Blood. Flow Metab. 2013. Vol. 33. Р. 1075–1082. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang S., Shen Q., Duong T.Q. Quantitative prediction of acute ischemic tissue fate using support vector machine // Brain Res. 2011. Vol. 1405. Р. 77– 84. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.066.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang S., Shen Q., Duong T.Q. Quantitative prediction of acute ischemic tissue fate using support vector machine // Brain Res. 2011. Vol. 1405. Р. 77– 84. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.066.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Dhar R., Heitsch L., Ford A., Fernandez-Cadenas I., Carrera C. Automated quantification of cerebral edema following hemispheric infarction: application of a machine-learning algorithm to evaluate CSF shifts on serial head CTs // NeuroImage. 2016. Nо 2. Р. 673–680. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Dhar R., Heitsch L., Ford A., Fernandez-Cadenas I., Carrera C. Automated quantification of cerebral edema following hemispheric infarction: application of a machine-learning algorithm to evaluate CSF shifts on serial head CTs // NeuroImage. 2016. Nо 2. Р. 673–680. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhar R., Chen Y., An H., Lee J.M. Application of machine learning to automated analysis of cerebral edema in large cohorts of ischemic stroke patients // Front. Neurol. 2018. Vol. 9. Р. 687. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhar R., Chen Y., An H., Lee J.M. Application of machine learning to automated analysis of cerebral edema in large cohorts of ischemic stroke patients // Front. Neurol. 2018. Vol. 9. Р. 687. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu Y., Guo D., Lou M., Liebeskind D., Scalzo F. Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation severity in acute stroke from source perfusion MRI // IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 2018. Vol. 65. Р. 2058–2065 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2017.2783241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu Y., Guo D., Lou M., Liebeskind D., Scalzo F. Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation severity in acute stroke from source perfusion MRI // IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 2018. Vol. 65. Р. 2058–2065 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2017.2783241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scalzo F., Alger J.R., Hu X., Saver J.L., Dani K.A., Muir K.W. Multi-center prediction of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke using permeability imaging features // Magn. Reson. Imag. 2018. Vol. 31, No. 6. Р. 961–969. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.03.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scalzo F., Alger J.R., Hu X., Saver J.L., Dani K.A., Muir K.W. Multi-center prediction of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke using permeability imaging features // Magn. Reson. Imag. 2018. Vol. 31, No. 6. Р. 961–969. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.03.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen A., Hansen M.B., Tietze A., Mouridsen K. Prediction of tissue outcome and assessment of treatment effect in acute ischemic stroke using deep learning // Stroke. 2018. Vol. 49. Р. 1394–1401. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.019740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen A., Hansen M.B., Tietze A., Mouridsen K. Prediction of tissue outcome and assessment of treatment effect in acute ischemic stroke using deep learning // Stroke. 2018. Vol. 49. Р. 1394–1401. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.019740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bentley P., Ganesalingam J., Carlton Jones A.L., Mahady K., Epton S., Rinne P. et al. Prediction of stroke thrombolysis outcome using CT brain machine learning // NeuroImage. 2014. Vol. 4. Р. 635–640. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.02.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bentley P., Ganesalingam J., Carlton Jones A.L., Mahady K., Epton S., Rinne P. et al. Prediction of stroke thrombolysis outcome using CT brain machine learning // NeuroImage. 2014. Vol. 4. Р. 635–640. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.02.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forkert N.D., Verleger T., Cheng B., Thomalla G., Hilgetag C.C., Fiehler J. et al. Multiclass support vector machine-based lesion mapping predicts functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients // PLoS ONE. 2015. Vol. 10. e0129569. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forkert N.D., Verleger T., Cheng B., Thomalla G., Hilgetag C.C., Fiehler J. et al. Multiclass support vector machine-based lesion mapping predicts functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients // PLoS ONE. 2015. Vol. 10. e0129569. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rondina J.M., Filippone M., Girolami M., Ward N.S. Decoding post-stroke motor function from structural brain imaging // Neuroimage Clin. 2016. Vol. 12. Р. 372–380. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.07.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rondina J.M., Filippone M., Girolami M., Ward N.S. Decoding post-stroke motor function from structural brain imaging // Neuroimage Clin. 2016. Vol. 12. Р. 372–380. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.07.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esteva A., Kuprel B., Novoa R.A. et al. Thrun Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks // Nature. 2017. Vol. 542. Р. 115–118. doi: 10.1038/nature21056.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esteva A., Kuprel B., Novoa R.A. et al. Thrun Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks // Nature. 2017. Vol. 542. Р. 115–118. doi: 10.1038/nature21056.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
