ldtЛучевая диагностика и терапияDiagnostic radiology and radiotherapy2079-5343Baltic Medical Education Center10.22328/2079-5343-2023-14-2-15-30ldt-875Research ArticleЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫLECTURES AND REVIEWSТераностика трижды негативного рака молочной железы: обзорTheranostics of triple negative breast cancer: a reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-1720МолчановО. Е.MolchanovO. E.

Молчанов Олег Евгеньевич — доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела фундаментальных исследований 

197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, Ленинградская ул., д. 70

Oleg E. Molchanov — Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Fundamental Research 

St. Petersburg. Pos. Pesochny, Leningradskaya st. 70

molchanovo@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-7461МайстренкоД. Н.MaystrenkoD. N.

Майстренко Дмитрий Николаевич — доктор медицинских наук, директор

197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, Ленинградская ул., д. 70

Dmitry N. Maystrenko — Dr. of Sci (Med.), Head

St. Petersburg. Pos. Pesochny, Leningradskaya st. 70

may64@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-0564СтанжевскийА. А.StanzhevskiiA. A.

Станжевский Андрей Алексеевич — доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе

197758, Санкт-Петербург, пос. Песочный, Ленинградская ул., д. 70

Andrei A. Stanzhevskii — Dr. of Sci (Med.), Deputy Director for Research

St. Petersburg. Pos. Pesochny, Leningradskaya st. 70

fakstanzhevsky@yandex.ruРоссийский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий имени академика А.М. ГрановаРоссияA.M.Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical TechnologiesRussian Federation2023050720231421530Copyright © Молчанов О.Е., Майстренко Д.Н., Станжевский А.А., 20232023Молчанов О.Е., Майстренко Д.Н., Станжевский А.А.Molchanov O.E., Maystrenko D.N., Stanzhevskii A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/875ВВЕДЕНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Трижды негативный рак является одним из наиболее агрессивных вариантов опухоли молочной железы. В настоящее время не предложено эффективных методов лечения, которые позволяли бы существенно повлиять на отдаленные результаты лечения.

ЦЕЛЬ

ЦЕЛЬ: Обобщить возможности тераностики и нанотераностики в визуализации и элиминации злокачественных клеток и иммуносупрессивных компонентов микроокружения трижды негативного рака молочной железы.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Проведен поиск научных публикаций в информационно-аналитической системе PubMed за 2015–2022 гг. по ключевым словам: «triple negative breast cancer» («трижды негативный рак молочной железы), «signaling pathways» («сигнальные пути»), «tumor microenvironment» («микроокружение опухоли»), «cancer stem cells» («стволовые опухолевые клетки»), «theranostics» («тераностика»), «nanomaterials» («наноматериалы»), «nanotheranostics» («нанотераностика»). После исключения статей, посвященных техническим аспектам молекулярно-биологических исследований, были проанализированы 57 публикаций, связанных с тераностикой трижды негативного рака молочной железы.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Мишени для тераностики трижды негативного рака ассоциированы с опухолевыми клетками и компонентами микроокружения. В статье представлены данные о составе и взаимодействии различных клеточных субпопуляций в микроокружении опухоли, а также о роли стволовых опухолевых клеток в его формировании. Приведены современные классификации трижды негативного рака молочной железы и данные о молекулярных дефектах, связанных с различными подтипами. Описаны мишени для тераностики, ассоциированные со стволовыми, дифференцированными опухолевыми клетками и компонентами микроокружения опухоли. Приведены собственные данные о характере распределения различных субпопуляций микроокружения, которые должны учитываться при выборе характера воздействия на опухоль. Проанализированы возможности и области применения разработанных к настоящему времени радиофармпрепаратов и препаратов на основе наночастиц.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Трижды негативный рак молочной железы характеризуется наличием большого числа биомаркеров, которые могут быть мишенями для диагностических и терапевтических препаратов. Для их селекции целесообразно использовать технологии искусственного интеллекта. Использование наночастиц позволяет снизить токсичность и обеспечить реализацию одновременно нескольких методов лечения.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION: Triple negative cancer is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer. Currently, no effective treatment methods have been proposed that would significantly affect the long-term results of treatment.

OBJECTIVE

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the possibilities of theranostics and nanteranostics in the visualization and elimination of malignant cells and immunosuppressive cells of the microenvironment of thriple negative breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was conducted for scientific publications in the PubMed information and analytical system for 2015–2022 by keywords: «triple negative breast cancer» («triple negative breast cancer»), «signaling pathways» («signaling pathways»), «tumor microenvironment» («tumor microenvironment»), «cancer stem cells» («stem tumor cells»), «theranostics», «nanomaterials» («nanomaterials»), «nanotheranostics» («nanoteranostics»). After excluding articles devoted to the technical aspects of molecular biological research, 57 publications related to the theranostics of thrice-negative breast cancer were analyzed.

RESULTS

RESULTS: Targets for theranostics of triple negative breast cancer are associated with tumor cells and components of the microenvironment. The article presents data on the composition and interaction between various cellular subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment, as well as on the role of cancer stem cells in its formation. State of art classifications of triple negative breast cancer and data on molecular defects associated with various subtypes are presented. Targets for theranostics associated with stem, differentiated tumor cells and components of the tumor microenvironment are described. The authors present their own data on the nature of the distribution of various subpopulations of the microenvironment, which should be taken into account when choosing the nature of the effect on the tumor. The possibilities and applications of radiopharmaceuticals and nanoparticle-based preparations developed to date have been analyzed.

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION: Triple negative breast cancer is characterized by the presence of a large number of biomarkers that can be targets for diagnostic and therapeutic drugs. It is advisable to use artificial intelligence technologies for their selection. The use of nanoparticles makes it possible to reduce toxicity and ensure the implementation of several treatment methods simultaneously.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.