<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ldt</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Лучевая диагностика и терапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-5343</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baltic Medical Education Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22328/2079-5343-2024-15-1-96-106</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ldt-977</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поиск мерцающего артефакта при микрокальцинатах молочной железы с помощью ультразвуковой недопплеровской технологии B-flow: проспективное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Searching for a twinkling artefact in breast microcalcifications using B-flow ultrasonic non-doppler technology: a prospective study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-9157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гажонова</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazhonova</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гажонова Вероника Евгеньевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры рентгенологии и ультразвуковой диагностики</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika E. Gazhonova —Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Roentgenology and Ultrasound Diagnostics </p><p>121359, Moscow, Marshala Timoshenko street, 19а</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vx969@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4753-2463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Алиса Юрьевна — заведующая отделением лучевой диагностики </p><p>620036, Екатеринбург, ул. Соболева, д. 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alisa Yu. Popova — Head of the Department of Radiation Diagnostics</p><p>620036, Yekaterinburg, Soboleva street, 29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mrs.alisapopova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7818-6864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронова Елизавета Викторовна — аспирант кафедры лучевой диагностики и лучевой терапии </p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta V. Mironova — postgraduate student of the Department of Radiology and Ultrasound Diagnostics</p><p>121359, Moscow, Marshala Timoshenko street, 19а</p><p>   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elizmironova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Свердловский областной онкологический диспансер</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sverdlovsk Regional Oncology Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гажонова В.Е., Попова А.Ю., Миронова Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гажонова В.Е., Попова А.Ю., Миронова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gazhonova V.E., Popova A.Y., Mironova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/977">https://radiag.bmoc-spb.ru/jour/article/view/977</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Стремительное омоложение рака молочной железы в последние годы заставляет искать не рентгеновские методы визуализации микрокальцинатов у женщин, еще не охваченных маммографическим скринингом. Разработка технологий, позволяющих увидеть эти микрокальцинаты при УЗИ, является перспективной задачей, что потенциально сократит количество неоправданных биопсий.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: Оценить факторы, влияющие на возможность методики B-flow выявлять наличие мерцающего артефакта у пациенток с микрокальцинатами, обнаруженными при маммографии.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Проводилось проспективное исследование 57 пациенток с выявленными микрокальцинатами на маммограммах. Применялась недопплеровская технология ультразвукового исследования B-flow при прицельном ультразвуковом исследовании с поиском этих зон при УЗИ. Оценивались возможности визуализации артефакта мерцания при различных микрокальцинатах по размерам, распределению, их количеству и при различных по характеру патологических процессах. Изображения в режиме B-flow констатировались позитивными, когда яркая локальная вспышка возникала на темном фоне в В-режиме. Все пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: с видимым артефактом мерцания в режиме В-flow и его отсутствием. Выполнялась верификация диагностических находок путем трепан-биопсии под контролем УЗИ из зон с мерцающим артефактом (при наличии визуализируемой зоны при УЗИ) или при стереотаксической биопсии под рентгеновским контролем (при отсутствии визуализации подозрительной зоны при УЗИ с B-flow).</p></sec><sec><title>Статистика</title><p>Статистика: Тест ANOVA был использован для тройного попарного сравнения между группами с положительным результатом. Значение р&lt;0,05 считалось статистически значимым.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: По результатам исследования из 57 случаев с микрокальцинатами, в 34 (60%) регистрировался артефакт мерцания. Количество микрокальцинатов с визуализируемым эффектом мерцания при B-flow было значительно больше при доброкачественных процессах 34 (82,9%) из 41, и реже — в злокачественных 8 (50%) из 16 (p=0,035). Статистически значимым оказалось влияние морфологии кальцинатов на маммограмме на их выявляемость при УЗИ в режиме B-flow (p=0,035). Наиболее часто проявлялись артефактом мерцания округлые, правильной формы кальцинаты в 19 (95%) из 20, встречавшиеся при фиброаденомах, фиброзно-кистозных изменениях, склерозирующем аденозе, гранулематозном мастите, а также полиморфные кальцинаты в 7 (63,6%) из 11. В режиме B-flow не удавалось получить артефакт мерцания при точечных мелких кальцинатах 9 (69,2%) из 13, и во всех 3 случаях при линейных или линейных ветвящихся кальцинатах. При аморфных микрокальцинатах значительно большее влияние на появление мерцающего эффекта в обычном B-режиме оказывали характеристики фоновой эхогенности и наличие или отсутствие узлового компонента в режиме серой шкалы, тогда как в режиме B-flow эти характеристики не имели решающего значения на появление мерцающего артефакта (р=0,8). Плотность распределения микрокальцинатов, размеры кальцинатов, окончательная патоморфология, маммографические характеристики, фоновая среда при УЗИ по наличию или отсутствию узлового образования и анэхогенных зон, не влияли на появление яркой вспышки в режиме B-flow.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ: Плотность распределения кальцинатов не имела решающего значения на появление мерцающего артефакта в режиме В-flow. Артефакт мерцания регистрируется как при сгруппированных микрокальцинатах, так и при единичных. B-flow может помочь выявлять кальцинаты, которые не видны при обычном В-режиме за счет отсутствия выраженного контраста тканей. Но этот артефакт нельзя использовать для дифференциации доброкачественных и злокачественных процессов.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Методика B-flow перспективна для уточнения артефакта мерцания при выявленных микрокальцинатах на маммограмме, что потенциально сможет увеличить частоту проведения трепан-биопсий под контролем УЗИ за счет обнаружения большего числа зон со скоплениями микрокальцинатов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION: The rapid rejuvenation of breast cancer in recent years has made it necessary to look for non-X-ray methods of imaging microcalcifications in women not yet covered by mammography screening. Developing technologies to see these microcalcifications on ultrasound is a promising goal, potentially reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of factors influencing the ability of the B-flow technique to detect the presence of a flickering artifact in patients with microcalcifications detected by mammography.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 57 patients with microcalcifications detected on mammograms was conducted. The Nondoppler technology of B-flow ultrasound examination was used for targeted ultrasound with the search for these areas during ultrasound. The possibilities of visualization of the twinkle artifact were evaluated for various microcalcifications in size, distribution, their number, and for pathological processes of different nature. Images in B-flow mode were found to be positive when a bright local flash occurred against a dark background in B-mode. Verification of diagnostic findings was performed by ultrasound-guided core- biopsy from areas with a twinkle artifact (in the presence of an imaging area during ultrasound) or with stereotactic biopsy (in the absence of visualization of the suspicious area with ultrasound with B-flow).</p></sec><sec><title>Statistics</title><p>Statistics: The ANOVA test was used for triple pairwise comparisons between positive groups. The p&lt;0.05 value was considered statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: According to the results of the study, out of 57 cases with microcalcifications, 34 (60%) recorded a twinkle artifact. The amount of microcalcifications with a visualized twinkle effect in B-flow was significantly higher in benign processes 34 (82.9%) out of 41, and less often in malignant 8 (50%) out of 16 (p=0.035). The effect of calcification morphology on the mammogram on their detection by ultrasound in the B-flow mode (p=0.035) was statistically significant. The most frequently manifested twinkle artifact were rounded, regular-shaped calcifications in 19 (95%) out of 20, which were found in granulomatous mastitis, fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas, sclerosing adenosis, as well as polymorphic calcifications in 7 (63.6%) of 11. In the B-flow mode, it was not possible to obtain a twinkle artifact mainly with point small calcifications of 9 (69.2%) out of 13, and in all cases with linear or linear branching calcifications. In amorphous microcalcifications, the characteristics of background echogenicity and the presence or absence of a nodal component in the gray scale mode had a much greater influence on the appearance of the twinkle effect in the normal B-mode, whereas in the B-flow mode, these characteristics did not have a decisive effect on the appearance of a flickering artifact (p=0.8). The density of distribution of microcalcifications, the size of calcifications, the final pathomorphology, mammography characteristics, the background environment during ultrasound by the presence or absence of nodular formation and anechoic zones, did not affect the appearance of a bright flash in the B-flow mode.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION: The density of calcification distribution was not decisive for the appearance of a shimmering artifact in the B-flow mode. The flicker artifact is recorded both in grouped microcalcifications and in single ones. B-flow can help to detect calcifications that are not visible in the usual B-flow mode due to the lack of pronounced tissue contrast. But this artifact cannot be used to differentiate between benign and malignant processes.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION: The B-flow technique is promising for clarifying the twinkle artifact in the detected microcalcifications on the mammogram, which could potentially increase the incidence of ultrasound-guided trephine biopsies by detecting more areas with microcalcification accumulations. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>маммография</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>микрокальцинаты</kwd><kwd>B-flow</kwd><kwd>артефакт мерцания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ultrasound</kwd><kwd>mammography</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>microcalcifications</kwd><kwd>B-flow</kwd><kwd>twinkle artifact</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mann R., Athanasiou A., Baltzer P. et al. European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI). Breast cancer screening in women with extremely dense breasts recommendations of the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) // Eur. Radiol. 2022. Vol. 32, No. 6. Р. 4036–4045. doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-08617-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mann R., Athanasiou A., Baltzer P. et al. European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI). Breast cancer screening in women with extremely dense breasts recommendations of the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) // Eur. Radiol. 2022. Vol. 32, No. 6. Р. 4036–4045. doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-08617-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofmann A., Mlekusch I., Wickenhauser G. et al. Clinical Applications of B-Flow Ultrasound: A Scoping Review of the Literature // Diagnostics (Basel). 2023. Vol. 13, No. 3. Р. 397. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13030397.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofmann A., Mlekusch I., Wickenhauser G. et al. Clinical Applications of B-Flow Ultrasound: A Scoping Review of the Literature // Diagnostics (Basel). 2023. Vol. 13, No. 3. Р. 397. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13030397.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zinser M., Kröger N., Malter W. et al. Preoperative Perforator Mapping in DIEP Flaps for Breast Reconstruction. The Impact of New Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Techniques // J. Pers. Med. 2022. Vol. 13, No. 1. Р. 64. doi: 10.3390/jpm13010064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zinser M., Kröger N., Malter W. et al. Preoperative Perforator Mapping in DIEP Flaps for Breast Reconstruction. The Impact of New Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Techniques // J. Pers. Med. 2022. Vol. 13, No. 1. Р. 64. doi: 10.3390/jpm13010064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heneweer C., Zirk M., Safi A. et al. An innovative approach for preoperative perforator flap planning using contrast-enhanced B-Flow imaging // Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open. 2021. No. 9. Р. 3547. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heneweer C., Zirk M., Safi A. et al. An innovative approach for preoperative perforator flap planning using contrast-enhanced B-Flow imaging // Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open. 2021. No. 9. Р. 3547. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi W., Kim H. Mammography-Guided Interventional Procedure // J. Korean Soc. Radiol. 2023. Vol. 84, No. 2. Р. 320–331. doi: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi W., Kim H. Mammography-Guided Interventional Procedure // J. Korean Soc. Radiol. 2023. Vol. 84, No. 2. Р. 320–331. doi: 10.3348/jksr.2022.0145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeow Y., Yu C., Cheung Y. et al. A cohort study of mammography-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy in patients with compressed thin breasts (≤3 cm) // Asian. J. Surg. 2023. Vol. 46, No. 10. Р. 4296–4301. doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.04.074.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeow Y., Yu C., Cheung Y. et al. A cohort study of mammography-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy in patients with compressed thin breasts (≤3 cm) // Asian. J. Surg. 2023. Vol. 46, No. 10. Р. 4296–4301. doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.04.074.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fejzic H., Izic B., Konrad-Custovic M. Ultrasound-Guided Needle Biopsy of Suspected Microcalcifications in the Breast // Mater. Sociomed. 2022. Vol. 34, No. 1. Р. 66–69. doi: 10.5455/msm.2022.33.66–69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fejzic H., Izic B., Konrad-Custovic M. Ultrasound-Guided Needle Biopsy of Suspected Microcalcifications in the Breast // Mater. Sociomed. 2022. Vol. 34, No. 1. Р. 66–69. doi: 10.5455/msm.2022.33.66–69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chong K.H., Huang K.F., Kuo H.W. et al. Detection rate of breast malignancy of needle localization biopsy of breast microcalcification // Tzu. Chi. Med. J. 2021. Vol.33, №3. Р.275–281. doi: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_191_20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chong K.H., Huang K.F., Kuo H.W. et al. Detection rate of breast malignancy of needle localization biopsy of breast microcalcification // Tzu. Chi. Med. J. 2021. Vol.33, №3. Р.275–281. doi: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_191_20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reginelli A., Urraro F., di Grezia G. et al. Conventional ultrasound integrated with elastosonography and B-flow imaging in the diagnosis of thyroid nodular lesions // Int. J. Surg. 2014. No. 12, Suppl. 1. Р. 117–122. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reginelli A., Urraro F., di Grezia G. et al. Conventional ultrasound integrated with elastosonography and B-flow imaging in the diagnosis of thyroid nodular lesions // Int. J. Surg. 2014. No. 12, Suppl. 1. Р. 117–122. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brunese L., Romeo A., Iorio S. et al. A new marker for diagnosis of thyroid papillary cancer: B-flow twinkling sign // J. Ultrasound Med. 2008. Vol. 27, No. 8. Р. 1187–1194. doi: 10.7863/jum.2008.27.8.1187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brunese L., Romeo A., Iorio S. et al. A new marker for diagnosis of thyroid papillary cancer: B-flow twinkling sign // J. Ultrasound Med. 2008. Vol. 27, No. 8. Р. 1187–1194. doi: 10.7863/jum.2008.27.8.1187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu N., Zhang Y., Shan K. et al. Sonographic twinkling artifact for diagnosis of acute ureteral calculus // World J. Urol. 2020. Vol. 38, No. 2. Р. 489–495. doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-02773-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu N., Zhang Y., Shan K. et al. Sonographic twinkling artifact for diagnosis of acute ureteral calculus // World J. Urol. 2020. Vol. 38, No. 2. Р. 489–495. doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-02773-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nabheerong P., Kengkla K., Saokaew S. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of Doppler twinkling artifact for identifying urolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis // J. Ultrasound. 2023. Vol. 26, No. 2. Р. 321–331. doi: 10.1007/s40477-022-00759-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nabheerong P., Kengkla K., Saokaew S. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of Doppler twinkling artifact for identifying urolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis // J. Ultrasound. 2023. Vol. 26, No. 2. Р. 321–331. doi: 10.1007/s40477-022-00759-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Napolitano G., Romeo A., Bianco A. et al. B-flow twinkling sign in preoperative evaluation of cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma // Int. J. Endocrinol. 2013. Р. 203610. doi: 10.1155/2013/203610.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Napolitano G., Romeo A., Bianco A. et al. B-flow twinkling sign in preoperative evaluation of cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma // Int. J. Endocrinol. 2013. Р. 203610. doi: 10.1155/2013/203610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacha R., Gilani S.A., Manzoor I. Relation of Color Doppler Twinkling Artifact and Scale or Pulse Repetition Frequency // J. Med. Ultrasound. 2019. Vol. 27, No. 1. Р. 13–18. doi: 10.4103/JMU.JMU_129_18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacha R., Gilani S.A., Manzoor I. Relation of Color Doppler Twinkling Artifact and Scale or Pulse Repetition Frequency // J. Med. Ultrasound. 2019. Vol. 27, No. 1. Р. 13–18. doi: 10.4103/JMU.JMU_129_18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lottspeich C., Puhr-Westerheide D., Stana J. et al. The Flashlight-Sign: A Novel B-Flow Based Ultrasound Finding for Detection of Intraluminal, Wall-Adherent, Floating Structures of the Abdominal Aorta and Peripheral Arteries // Diagnostics. 2022. Vol. 12, No. 7. Р. 1708. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12071708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lottspeich C., Puhr-Westerheide D., Stana J. et al. The Flashlight-Sign: A Novel B-Flow Based Ultrasound Finding for Detection of Intraluminal, Wall-Adherent, Floating Structures of the Abdominal Aorta and Peripheral Arteries // Diagnostics. 2022. Vol. 12, No. 7. Р. 1708. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics12071708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu W., Haider B. Dominant factor analysis of B-flow twinkling sign with phantom and simulation data // J. Med. Ultrason. 2017. Vol. 44, No. 1. Р. 37–50. doi: 10.1007/s10396-016-0745-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu W., Haider B. Dominant factor analysis of B-flow twinkling sign with phantom and simulation data // J. Med. Ultrason. 2017. Vol. 44, No. 1. Р. 37–50. doi: 10.1007/s10396-016-0745-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson M., Soo M., Trahey G. The acoustic properties of microcalcifications in the context of breast ultrasound // J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1998. No. 103. Р. 1853–1854.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson M., Soo M., Trahey G. The acoustic properties of microcalcifications in the context of breast ultrasound // J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1998. No. 103. Р. 1853–1854.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Relea A., Alonso J.A., González M. et al. Usefulness of the twinkling artifact on Doppler ultrasound for the detection of breast microcalcifications // Radiologia. 2018. Vol. 60, No. 5. Р. 413–423. doi: 10.1016/j.rx.2018.04.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Relea A., Alonso J.A., González M. et al. Usefulness of the twinkling artifact on Doppler ultrasound for the detection of breast microcalcifications // Radiologia. 2018. Vol. 60, No. 5. Р. 413–423. doi: 10.1016/j.rx.2018.04.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park V., Kang J., Han K. et al. Feasibility study using multifocal Doppler twinkling artifacts to detect suspicious microcalcifications in ex vivo specimens of breast cancer on US // Sci. Rep. 2022. Vol. 12, No. 1. Р. 2857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06939-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park V., Kang J., Han K. et al. Feasibility study using multifocal Doppler twinkling artifacts to detect suspicious microcalcifications in ex vivo specimens of breast cancer on US // Sci. Rep. 2022. Vol. 12, No. 1. Р. 2857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06939-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee C., Piltin M., Moldoveanu D. et al. Using US Twinkling Artifact to Identify Breast Biopsy Markers: Brief Report // Radiol. Imaging. Cancer. 2023. Vol. 5, No. 4. Р. e220168. doi: 10.1148/rycan.220168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee C., Piltin M., Moldoveanu D. et al. Using US Twinkling Artifact to Identify Breast Biopsy Markers: Brief Report // Radiol. Imaging. Cancer. 2023. Vol. 5, No. 4. Р. e220168. doi: 10.1148/rycan.220168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Whitman G. Twinkling: A Useful Adjunct for Identifying Biopsy Clips on US Images // Radiol. Imaging Cancer. 2023. Vol. 5, No. 4. Р. e230090. doi: 10.1148/rycan.230090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Whitman G. Twinkling: A Useful Adjunct for Identifying Biopsy Clips on US Images // Radiol. Imaging Cancer. 2023. Vol. 5, No. 4. Р. e230090. doi: 10.1148/rycan.230090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonfiglio R., Scimeca M., Toschi N. et al. Radiological, Histological and Chemical Analysis of Breast Microcalcifications: Diagnostic Value and Biological Significance // J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia. 2018. Vol. 23, No. 1–2. Р. 89–99. doi: 10.1007/s10911-018-9396-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonfiglio R., Scimeca M., Toschi N. et al. Radiological, Histological and Chemical Analysis of Breast Microcalcifications: Diagnostic Value and Biological Significance // J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia. 2018. Vol. 23, No. 1–2. Р. 89–99. doi: 10.1007/s10911-018-9396-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irshad A., Leddy R., Pisano E. et al. Assessing the role of ultrasound in predicting the biological behavior of breast cancer // Am.J.Roentgenol. 2013. Vol. 200, No. 2. Р. 284–290. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.8781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irshad A., Leddy R., Pisano E. et al. Assessing the role of ultrasound in predicting the biological behavior of breast cancer // Am.J.Roentgenol. 2013. Vol. 200, No. 2. Р. 284–290. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.8781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rakovitch E., Nofech-Mozes S., Hanna W. et al. HER2/neu and Ki-67 expression predict non-invasive recurrence following breast-conserving therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ // Br.J.Cancer. 2012. Vol. 106, No. 6. Р. 1160–1165. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakovitch E., Nofech-Mozes S., Hanna W. et al. HER2/neu and Ki-67 expression predict non-invasive recurrence following breast-conserving therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ // Br.J.Cancer. 2012. Vol. 106, No. 6. Р. 1160–1165. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yao J.J., Zhan W.W., Chen M. et al. Sonographic Features of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast With Microinvasion: Correlation With Clinicopathologic Findings and Biomarkers // J. Ultrasound Med. 2015. Vol. 34, No. 10. Р. 1761–1768. doi: 10.7863/ultra.15.14.07059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yao J.J., Zhan W.W., Chen M. et al. Sonographic Features of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast With Microinvasion: Correlation With Clinicopathologic Findings and Biomarkers // J. Ultrasound Med. 2015. Vol. 34, No. 10. Р. 1761–1768. doi: 10.7863/ultra.15.14.07059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
