The role of computer tomography in early identification of tuberculosis of respiratory bodies, including in persons living with HIV infection

Currently, in the world and in the Russian Federation there has been a decrease in the growth rate of cases of HIV infection and tuberculosis, however, an annual increase in the proportion of cases of a combination of these infections is noted. The method of radiation screening in the Russian Federation recognized fluorography, which reveals no more than half of HIV/TB patients, and the use of such a sensitive method as CT is only advisory in nature. WHO recommends the use of radiation diagnostics as a screening tool only if the prevalence of this combination of infections is more than 20%. Currently, it has been proven that HIV infected patients suffer from tuberculosis at least 20 more often, and with an increase in immunodeficiency, they form pathomor-phological characteristics of primary respiratory tuberculosis, while there is a rapid progression of both HIV infection and tuberculosis, often leading to death of patients. The pathomorphological characteristics recorded during computed tomography also change. A review of studies on the possibilities of detecting respiratory tuberculosis in computed tomography, including in people living with HIV infection (n=24), is presented. To compare the effectiveness of CT, a separation was used according to the psychological syndromes and the degree of suppression of immunity. The frequency of occurrence of computed tomographic patterns in this group was examined and it was found that CT is also the most sensitive method for diagnosing tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals. And increasing the effectiveness of detection is possible when analyzing patient complaints and the severity of immunosuppression. Thus, computed tomography of the organs of the chest cavity can be used at the stage of screening for respiratory tuberculosis in HIV infected patients, taking into account the level of CD4+ lymphocytes.

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