EDITORIAL
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Odontogenic cysts of the maxillofacial region continue to be widespread multidisciplinary pathology involving such areas of medicine like dentistry, maxillofacial surgery and otorhinolaryngology. In connection with the improvement of diagnostic equipment, there are new opportunities in the characterization of cystic masses. As a result of comprehensive clinical and radiological study of 236 patients with odontogeniccystic masses of the maxillofacial region are of different types, obtained detailed clinical and radiological syndromes for each group of cystic formations, and also highlights key differential diagnostic features. Proven benefits of using three-dimensional methods of radiation diagnosis.
B-mode ultrasound features of the gallbladder changes and Doppler-parameters of increased blood flow in the gallbladder wall as a type of arterial or venous hyperemia are considered the generally recognized signs of acute cholecystitis. However, we did not find information about the influence of intravesical pressure on the cystic artery blood flow, as any date of presence or absence of connection between B-mode gallbladder signs and the degree of venous blood flow change in the gallbladder wall in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis and bile duct obstruction, accompanied by intravesical hypertension. The aim of the study was to identify B-mode ultrasound signs of the gallbladder (GB), in which veins are registered in its wall along with the arteries. This type of blood flow is classified as a venous-arterial type. The venous-arterial blood flow was identified by color duplex scanning in 34 observed people (23,6%) out of 144 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. While in case of non-inflammatory bile duct obstruction, veins in the GB wall were visualized in 1,9 times more often and were detected in 20 out of 44 (45,5%) patients. Comparing each group with patients who had only an arterial type of blood flow, we obtained the following results: the largest values of the length, area and volume of the gallbladder were identified in patients with recording veins in GB wall, which differed them with a high degree of reliability (p<0,05) from patients with only arterial type of blood flow. Intraoperative intravesical pressure measurement was conducted to all patients. The level of pressure was also significantly higher in patients with venous-arterial blood flow in GB and shows 26,1±2,6 mm water column to compare with 18,0±3,2 mm water column in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis when only arterial blood flow was registered in the GB wall (increase 31,1%); In case of bile duct obstruction the values were 29,0±1,8 mm water column and 25,7±1,6 mm water column respectively. The obtained data shows significance of the intravesical pressure level to the detection of venous blood flow in GB wall by Color Duplex method. The probability of recording venous blood flow in the GB wall in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis and with bile duct obstruction grows with the increase in the length, area and volume of GB to the maximum values.
Development of chronic diffuse liver diseases occurs through the progression of fibrosis stages with the final formation of cirrhosis and liver cancer. The "gold standard" for detecting the fibrosis process is a liver biopsy followed by a histological examination of the received material, but it has its drawbacks and contraindications. Recently elastometry is becoming increasingly widespread as it reflects the rigidity of the liver, which is increasing in fibrosis. However, at the moment there is no standard protocol for performing ARFI-elastometry of the liver, which should take into account the choice of topography, the depth of installation of the polling zone, the number of measurements of the shear wave. Objectives of the study: standardization of the procedure for performing ARFI-elastometry of the liver for further evaluation of the fibrosis stages; detection of the most sensitive echographic changes in the liver at various stages of fibrosis. Based on healthy volunteers examinations, a standardized protocol for patients with diffuse liver changes was developed. While using shear wave elastography, it was noted that detected number of echographic symptoms corresponds to the elastometry stage of fibrosis not in all cases. During the study, it was determined that in the F1 and F2 stages of fibrosis, 1 to 4 echographic symptoms occurred in patients; in F3 and F4 fibrosis stages — from 3 to 11 echographic symptoms accordingly. It is noted that with an increase in the fibrosis stage, the number of echographic symptoms is basically increases, too. A special group of patients without obvious echographic symp- toms, but with verified F2-F4 fibrosis stages was selected using elastometry. In this group, echographic symptoms were not detected in 42% of cases with verified F2-F4 fibrosis. In 10% of cases with F3 and F4 fibrosis stages there were only 1–2 echographic symptoms. Thus, the detection of at least a single echographic symptom in the patient should be the warning sign of possible presence of fibrosis or cirrhosis.
The paper studies the notion of clinical observation of quite rare сongenital malformation of the heart — anomalous origin of the left coronal artery from a pulmonary barrel. In the article we tried to highlight the features of algorithm execution of radiological methods of diagnostics concerning this little-known pathology, in view of its large clinical interest.
NEVSKY RADIOLOGICAL FORUM 2018
Radiology in dentistry, otolaryngology and ophthalmology.
Radiology in gastroenterology.
Radiology of the cardiovascular system.
Radiology of the musculoskeletal system.
Military and Extreme Radiology.
Radiology in perinatology and gynecology.
Magnetic resonance imaging.
Digital radiology and tele-radiology.
Scientific work of students, postgraduates and physician residents.
Hybrid technologies in radiology.
