The paper presents a ⁸²Sr/⁸²Rb-generator and shows the possibility and perspectives to use the radiopharmaceutical (RFP) «Rubidium chloride, from 82Rb generator» (hereinafter referred to as «⁸²Rb-chloride») for the diagnosis of brain tumors (GM) based on the experience of the use of the radiopharmaceutical in the FGBI «RRCRST» of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Results of observation of 23 patients are presented with malignant and benign tumors, and non-neoplastic lesions in the brain. The tendency was detected for the prevalence of increased accumulation of ⁸²Rb-chloride in malignant tumors as compared to benign tumors and in arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in which the 82Rb-chloride is accumulated within the vascular phase, but it is not retained. Ultra-short half-life of the radionuclide [⁸²Rb] (76 sec) and low radiation exposure arising when the 82Rb-chloride is intravenously injected, create completely new possibility for sequential use of two or more radiopharmaceuticals at examining a patient. For example, PET imaging with ¹⁸F-FDG, ¹¹C-L-methionine or ¹¹C-choline can be performed in 7 minutes after the injection of the 82Rb-chloride to a patient. The efficiency of using ⁸²Rb-chloride as a diagnostic tool in the neurooncological patients is stated. The method was develop for dosing and injection of the radiopharmaceutical from a generator. Using a single generator of Rubidium-82 it is possible to run about 800 PET studies. Generator is reliable and easy in use.

Vascular dementia is quite common diagnosis in elderly patients (5–10% of all dementia cases). Despite that, where is no reliable neuroimaging diagnostic marker like patterns of cerebral glucose metabolism changes in positron emission tomography (PET) in Alzheimer’s disease and some other types of dementia. The purpose of this research was to study cerebral glucose metabolism peculiarities with PET and to compare findings with metabolic changes in normal aging. Two groups of subjects were examined: patients suffered from vascular dementia and age-matching control group without cognitive and neurological disorders. Cerebral glucose hypometabolism in vascular dementia was heterogeneous and differed in different patients. Besides that, comparison with the control group demonstrated larger volume of hypometabolism and statistically significant decrease of cerebral metabolism in parietal, frontal and cingular cortex.

Diffusion-tensor imaging in modern MR units is perspective tool for creation of tracts of brain white matter. Most often reason for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is vascular compression. Very important part in pain pathogenesis is played by structural changes, due to demyelination of trigeminal nerve root, caused by compression. Studying of structural changes of trigeminal nerve root in trigeminal neuralgia with DTI could clear influence of vascular compression for development of TN. The aim of this study was to estimate fractional anisotropy changes in trigeminal nerve root. Study included 33 patients with TN, who underwent microvascular decompression. Some of patients also had manipulation on trigeminal nerve root in anamnesis. It was revealed that fractional anisotropy (FA) is linked with compression degree and TN type — the less FA the higher the degree. After estimation of DTI it was revealed that FA is the less when patient had on trigeminal nerve root in anamnesis. Obtained data show changes that DTI could be helpful in choice of treatment tactics, allowing to demonstrate link of trigeminal root changes with compression.

Designs — single center prospective cohort. Studied the clinical and neurological status, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine consistent examined 50 patients with destructive lesions of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, including 40 patients with confirmed active infectious spondylitis, 5 — with consequences spondylitis, and 5 — with other diseases. Patients with infectious spondylitis revealed the prevalence of intramedullary changes as gliosis and myeloishemy; statistically proven the existence of a higher degree of sagittal spinal canal stenosis (SCSs) and the vertex angle of spinal deformation (SCK) in tuberculous spondylitis than in non-specific, as well as the impact of the maximum degree of linear compression of the spinal cord (APC) on the severity of neurological impairment, estimated scale Frankel. No proven link between the severity of neurological disorders with an etiology spondylitis and specific embodiments of the structural changes in the spinal cord.

After presentation of focal neurologic symptoms due to acute or chronic ischemic brain disease all patients should undergo complex examination in order to identify the source that changed hemodynamics and define management strategy. We present a clinical case of multiple aortic and brachiocephalic arteries anomalies in patient with complaints for dizziness and hearing noise. Computed tomography revealed right aortic arch with anomaly of brachiocephalic vessels branching, hypoplasia of left common carotid artery, agenesis of left internal carotid artery with «adult” type of collateral supply, hypoplasia of left vertebral artery, fusiform aneurysm of left posterior cerebral artery and also right internal carotid artery tortuosity in extracranial segment. Perfusion computer tomography showed symmetric cerebral flow. Computed tomography enables to assess different vascular changes in patients with brachiocephalic arteries anomalies and therefor to optimize treatment strategy.

The initial results of radiation therapy with different chemotherapy treatment regimen are provided in the article. Radiation therapy was carried out in all patients using by linear accelerators in the bremsstrahlung energy mode (6 MeV) once a day, 5 times a week. The single boost dose was 3 Gy, 51 Gy total. Upon reaching total boost dose in 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 Gy patients of the first and third groups received temozolomide (250 mg). Vincristine was administered intravenously to patients of the second and the fourth groups (1 mg) after reaching the total boost dose 18, 33 and 48 Gy. The next day these patients received nitrosourea derivatives (CCNU 80 mg orally or BCNU 50 mg intravenously). Postoperative chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma resulted in a significant increase of life expectancy. In GBM/temozolomide group median survival was 16,9 months vs 11,3 months in patients who received vincristine/nitrosourea derivatives (р=0,016). There was no significant difference in life expectancy in patients with AA (р=0,13): median survival was 29,9 (group 3) and 22,7 months (group 4).

The article includes basic rules of conducting ultrasound examination of the uterine appendages: the ovaries and fallopian tubes. The dynamics of changes in the internal structure of the ovaries in relation to the phases menstrual cycle, ovarian blood flow and the possibility of estimating blood flow parameters are discussed.