Significant communications of a condition of cognitive processes (memory, attention, thinking) and indicators of progressing of HIV infection are revealed (the HIV RNA level and CD4 lymphocytes in blood) that allows to assume existence of the direct mediated action of a virus on a functional condition of TsNS. Coherence of results of neuropsychological and neurovisualization techniques (EEG, MRT, PET) is shown. Involvement in pathological process at early stages of formation VICh-assotsiirovanykh of neurocognitive frustration of the following departments of a brain is revealed: forward zone crinkle, shell, mediobazavylny departments of a temporal share, premotorny departments, calloused body, retikulyarny formation.

Gliomas are the most common primary intrinsic brain tumours and Ionizing radiation represents the most effective therapy for their treatment. However, despite successful adoption of innovative technologies, radiotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence still occur in a high proportion of patients. Thus there is great interest in understanding the underlying biology and developing new strategies to overcome radioresistance. The expanding investigation of glioma suggests that epigenetic changes play a critical roles in glioma genesis. DNA methylation and histone modification are key marks that regulate gene expression and thus modulate a wide range of cellular processes. The recent studies suggest that epigenetic state of tumor cell may affect сєіі sensitivity to radiation. Epigenetic markers associated with radioresistance hold promise as predictive biomarkers for therapy response and prognosis. On the other hand the obtained results suggest that radiation induces epigenetic reprogramming of cells which may influences the cell fate or alters the response to future exposure. As epigenetic alterations can potentially be reversed by drug treatment, they are interesting candidate targets for radiotherapy sensitizers. This review describes the current knowledge on epigenetics in radiotherapy.

Conatal brain cysts that occur in 1% of newborns are formed prenatally and have a favorable prognosis. These cysts mostly diagnosed with ultrasound; they must be differentiated from other periventricular cysts, namely subependymal pseudocysts and periventricular leukomalacia, which cause neurological disorders. To confirm the prenatal ultrasound and differential diagnosis of periventricular cysts MRI is used. Conatal cysts were found in 10 fetuses using MRI, and the initial diagnosis was changed in 4 cases. Our research points to an important role of MRI in the diagnosis and differentiation of periventricular cysts.

Echinococcus alveolaris and granulosus are more dangerous helminthiases, remaining serious medical and social problem so far. Brain alveococcosis and echinococcosis are naturofocal parasitic diseases of central nervous system caused by larval stages of helminths Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus. Diagnosing of parasitic cyst of brain represents great difficulties. The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of course of cerebral alveococcosis and echinococcosis and improve their diagnosis. Medical histories have been analyzed for 14 years (from 2000 to 2014) of 53 patients with cerebral alveococcosis and echinococcosis between 2 and 58, among them 43 people have been operated in the departments of neurosurgery, National Hospital, the others 10 patients - at other clinics of the country. The diagnosis of all patients have been verified intraoperatively and pathomorphologically. It is found that the parasitic (alveococcus and echinococcus) lesion of brain is frequently found in rural population (92%). Young and able-bodied people suffer from brain alveococcosis between 21 and 40 - 66,7%, and brain alveococcosis is not found in children between 2 and 10. Brain echinococcosis is frequently found in children between 2 and 10 - 21,1%, and in young people between 11 and 30 - in 54,9% cases. An initial focus of alveococcus has been found in the liver of 80% of patients, and brain metastases has been found among them in 53,3% of patients, and both lungs and brain metastases have been found in 26,7% of patients. Primary alveococcal lesion of brain has been found in 20% of patients. Primary echinococcal lesion of brain has been found in 29% of patients, and primary echinococcal lesion of liver - in 65,8% of patients. The MRI is highly informative for diagnosing brain alveococcosis and echinococcosis, and, correspondingly, for effective treatment.

The technique of 3D-SSP is widely used in the world in the diagnosis of neurological diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate the metabolic activity of different brain structures in patients with mild cognitive deficiency and Alzheimer’s disease. 81 patients were examined, 31 of them with mild cognitive deficiency and 41 with Alzheimer’s disease. Identified thresholds metabolic activity of the active values of Z-bills in the association cortex of the temporal lobes, equal to 1,54. In this method, the sensitivity was 87,8%, specificity - 90,3%. Thus, the set values of Z-accounts to use the software 3D-SSP in patients with cognitive impairment, allowing high-precision semi-quantitatively measure changes in glucose metabolism in different brain structures.

Given the significant differences in the pathogenesis of clinical manifestations of spinal dysraphism seems obvious need to identify structural changes in the spinal cord, including its pathways. The article compared the data of clinical and neuroimaging examinations 18 children with various forms of spinal dysraphism. Based on these data we propose to consider MR-tractography as a method for the differential diagnosis of spinal cord structural lesions. As morphological base forming clinical manifestations of spinal dysraphism proposed to consider propriospinal tracts of caudal spinal cord.

Non-progressive juvenile spinal muscular atrophy, also known as Hirayama disease, is a rare form of non-progressive motor neuron disease caused by necrosis of the anterior horns of the lower cervical cord. Magnetic resonance study is able to show forward displacement of the posterior wall of the lower cervical dural canal in neck flexion, which is presumed to be pathognomonic sign of Hirayama disease. Flexion MRI of the cervical spine can help to diagnosis HD in the early stages. We report two cases of Hirayama disease with different disease duration and different clinical and radiological presentation.

Chronic occlusion of internal carotid artery is one of leading reason for brain ischemia. For treating of chronic ICA occlusion EC/IC bypass is used. Aim of the study was to estimate changes of brain perfusion before and after EC/IC bypass. After operation estimation performed in three days. In patients with reduced CBV before EC/IC bypass, there were significant changes of perfusion after operation. For patients with without significant differences of CBV between brain hemispheres changes were not reliable. According to this findings indications for EC/IC bypass must be limited and patients should undergo operation only if it proposed to be effective.

Rathological deformation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is the second most common after atherosclerotic lesions cause of cerebrovascular insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to quantify the blood flow rates of the ICA in case of pathological tortuosity and dyscirculatory focal brain lesions of varying degrees of severity by quantitative two-dimensional phase-contrast angiography. The comprehensive investigation of the brain and brachiocephalic arteries of the 120 volunteers (control group 63, n=126; pathological group 57, n=99) was performed by 1,5T MR-scanner. The Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0,05) were used for the determine the significance influence of the ICA deformation and discirculatory focal brain lesions on the ICA blood flow rates. As a result, the values of the blood flow rates accompanied MR-signs of the discirculatory focal brain lesions at the ICA deformation were obtained.

The article considers the role of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and radionuclide methods of investigation to assess the prediction of favorable and unfavorable outcomes of current rheumatoid arthritis with pulmonary involvement.

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication of contrast media (CM) injected either in cerebral arteries or extracerebral ones. Diagnosis of CIE is often complicated by ruling out stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. Based on own clinical case and literature analysis we have proposed the conception of accidental and determinate CIE, defined the threshold volumes of CM and described typical clinical manifestation. The role of blood-brain barrier state and kidney excretion function underlined.

It has been described the new diagnostic capabilities of MRI with contrast enhancement application to obtain morphological and physiological data that help to carry out differential diagnostics of various pathologies of the brain. The protocols of new drug generation gadobutrol (Gadovist) using for perfusion and dynamic MR-examinations are given. They allows significantly improve the diagnosis of stroke and tumor diseases of the brain.

The purpose of this study was to define possibilities of different MR myelography techniques in the assessment of cerebral fluid circulation disorders. Our study includes 34 patients who underwent noninvasive MR myelography. In 17 of these patients we also performed MR myelography with cardiac synchronization for the analysis and quantitative evaluation of CSF circulation parameters in patients with aqueductal stenosis and Arnold-Chiari malformation. In 2 patients with symptoms of intracranial hypotension and suspicion of liquorrhea we additionally performed limited-use invasive technique: contrast-enhanced MR myelography. MR myelography and MR cisternography techniques can effectively replace invasive visualization techniques of cerebrospinal fluid space. Phase contrast MRI can be useful in the evaluation of hydrocephalus grade and postoperative follow-up, for instance in patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation. Nowadays these methods become routine and are performed for all of the patients with appropriate CSF system pathology. The only challenge that sometimes require performing of contrast enhanced MR myelography (MR cisternography) is the need of CSF leak visualization in patients with rhinorrhea and otorrhea.

The article is devoted to the basic principles of interaction as a tool to improve the efficiency of adverse communication between medical facilities for the organization of streams of patients on MRI and CT of the compulsory health insurance.