In the early 1980^s the definition of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was firstly formulated as a rare form of antibodies induced thrombophilia, which clinical features were thrombosis and obstetrical pathology. However, according to the results of the constant study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of APS the role of antiphospholipid antibodies has proved in a wide range of clinical manifestations, which greatly expanded the understanding of the syndrome. For example, for the beginning and during the disease APS characterized by various lesions of the respiratory system. The most frequent complications are thromboembolism, thrombosis in situ and pulmonary hypertension. Less common in the literature describe the acute respiratory distress syndrome adults, alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary capillary, postpartum syndrome. There are descriptions of combined observations APS and fibrosing alveolitis, however, now a clear link between the pathology has not been proved. The problem of the study of lung disease in patients with APS remains relevant in connection with the constant life-threatening currents and frequent deaths. Early diagnosis and early aggressive treatment, which is strongly depend on the lesion, is necessary. This review provides information about the features of the flow, diagnosis and treatment of pleuropulmonary manifestations of APS.

SWAN - one of the fairly new diagnostic tool, which is weighted by the image and the image of the magnetic susceptibility of the phase map. Proposed for neuroimaging to distinguish blood derivatives, microcalcifications, magnetic and paramagnetic. Successfully used in neuro-oncology, neuronavigation in neurotrauma.

The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and T2* MR-perfusion in differential diagnosis between recurrent brain tumor (RT) and post-radiation injury (PRI). We retrospectively reviewed 33 patients with brain tumors after radiation therapy (male - 16, female - 17, mean age = 40±16 years). Entry criteria included new or progressive MR imaging enhancing lesions after treatment. Conventional MRI (T1, T2, FLAIR, post-gadolinium T1-weighted images) DWI and T2* MR-perfusion were performed.The lesions were grouped according to MR enhancement that was due either TR (n=29) or PRI (n=26).The data analysis included calculation of the apperent diffusion coeficient (ADC) and rCVB values in the enhancing lesions. The rCBV values were normalized to the normal appearing grey matter. Recurrence and nonrecurrence groups were compared by means of Mann-Whitney U-test. The level of P<0,05 was set as significant. The total count of 55 enhancing lesions was analased. The recurrence group showed statistically significant lower ADC values and higher rCBV values than group with PRI. ADC threshold ratio equal to 1056 provided a distinction between the RT and the PRI with 69% sensitivity and 92% specificity. rCBV threshold ratio equal to 0,8 provided a distinction between the RT and the PRI with 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Thus, DWI has lower sensitivity in distinction RT from PRI than T2* MR-perfusion.

Currently the role of CNS structures atrophy in disability development in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is undisputed. Particular attention is paid to the atrophy of the thalamus, which is associated with a lot of passing through pathways and determine its sensitivity to changes in various parts of the central nervous system. The causes and sequence of the neurodegenerative processes development in MS are still the subject of scientific debates. The aim of our study was to determine the characteristics of neurodegenerative changes in the thalamus in cohort of MS patients with different severity of disability. The study involved 117 patients with clinically isolated syndrome of probable demyelination and multiple sclerosis, according to McDonald criteria (2010) at the age of 18 to 64 and disease duration varied from 1 to 30 years (6,57+7,18). Examination program included a clinical test and MRI, as well as single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS), performed in 34 patients and 5 healthy volunteers. The results of our study showed that the thalamus atrophy plays an important role in development of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis. It is also reached significance in patients with a more than three points of disability score according to EDSS scale. In carrying out the correlation and analysis of variance data¹H-MRS statistically significant results were obtained only for the correlation analysis of NAA concentration and severity of disability in the left thalamus, which showed a direct correlation. NAA levels in the right thalamus depending on the severity of the disease were not significantly changed. Comparison of the results of morphometric analysis and¹H-MRS data leaded to conclusion that a decrease of the thalamus volume is mainly due to structural damage of the pathways, with relative preservation of gray matter. The findings may contribute to the formation of therapeutic approaches aimed at preventing the development of disability in patients with MS.

The article deals with the comparison of data obtained by digital X-ray mammography and MRI with contrast enhancement, description of morphological and functional features of unpalpable breast cancer, and determination of indications for stereotactic breast biopsy under radiological guidance.

Diaphragmatic fold is the acquired condition which might be a reason for diagnostic mistakes at ultrasound examinations. Most commonly the folds resemble subcapsular capillary hemangiomas of liver what makes a problem of differential diagnosis.

It was performed the comparison of results of ultrasound (US), cystic hygroma of the neck of the fetus (heavy tires) with verified outcomes in 395 pregnant women who were diagnosed with heavy tires. Showed a tendency to increase the detection rate of heavy tires per 1000 live births in recent years. It is shown that more than 60% of cases are diagnosed in the screening of heavy tires as possible prenatal diagnosis. A normal karyotype was detected in 43,2% of cases (115 fetuses), from this group, almost half of children are born healthy - 54 people, accounting for 47%. The group of newborns whose condition differed from the absolute health, was 16,4% (19 children requiring treatment of heavy tires or comorbidities). At the request of the woman, the diagnosis of heavy tires in the fetus pregnancy was terminated in 26,1% of cases (30 fetus), normal karyotype was diagnosed after abortion. Fetal death was noted in 3,5% of cases (4 fetus), postnatal death ascertained in 7% of cases (8 fetus). Thus, detection of heavy tires neck of the fetus is not an absolute indication for abortion, but when it is detected, there is a high probability of fetal chromosomal disorders, combined malformations or spontaneous abortion. The most common chromosomal disorders in the presence of a cystic hygroma of the neck of the fetus is Turner syndrome. It is shown that the factors that reduce the likelihood of a favorable outcome of pregnancy in cystic hygroma of the neck of the fetus are larger sizes hygroma, mix it with generalized edema, the presence of other structural abnormalities of the fetus.

Fallopian tubal occlusion is a common reason for female infertility. Contrast enhanced ultrasound examination is the objective and safe method for evaluation of tubal patency and might be a reasonable substitution for X-ray hystero-salpingography.

A case report described timely use of modern radiological methods and the correct choice of contrast enhancement and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) protocols in the diagnosis of ureterovascular conflicts.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors is a topic that constantly has been widely discussed in the medical literature. Among new methods that can help solve the diagnostic issues - dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). DECT analysis of the absorption of two x-ray spectra allows obtaining additional information about the chemical composition of tissues. Scanners with the capability DECT ensured wide use of the method. Discovery 750 HD (GE Healthcare) is newly developed scanners which have overcome the temporal and spatial data mismatch and allowed the use of the DECT method in analyzing of the contrast agent distribution, with the function of fast switching voltages between 80 and 140 KW at intervals between the radiation of 0,25 MS. Discovery 750 HD installed in Krasnoyarsk regional Oncology center since 2014. In the article we described a clinical case of HCC diagnosis in cirrhotic patient with use of DECT. Presented case shows that DECT method improved the detectability of liver lesions and reduced the time spent on differential diagnosis.

Based on the literature review and our own experience, algorithms for cerebral perfusion data acquisition and interpretation are outlined in ischemic stroke using a step-by-step approach. Indications and contraindications to the study are also discussed. The role of multimodal brain imaging protocols in distinguishing stroke mimics (inflammation, tumors, demyelination) is emphasized. By analyzing the data, stages of the perfusion disorders (compensation, subcompensation, and decompensation) have been highlighted in the context of their localization (the infarct core, the penumbra). The luxury perfusion phenomenon is stressed, and prognostic criteria for infarct core growth and development of hemorrhagic transformation are given.

Wide expansion of digital solutions into the health care and, in particular, into the diagnostics made their assessment and choice a key challenge for a Chief Medical Officer, also a complicated as an important one. As a result of the various governmental programs of health care modernization and development as well as highly intense growth of private medicine market, numerous contemporary radiological systems are serving in medical centers and clinics now processing large-scale clinical data on a daily basis that are to be managed effectively. The paper reviews major scripts of medical images management and gives practical tips to the Heads of various medical facilities on the effective installation and modernization of RACS/RIS systems. The special attention is given to the risks of different approaches to medical image processing in view of incremental popularization of e-health technologies in Russian health care system. The paper is intended for the healthcare administrators, the Heads of Radiology Departments, the Heads of MRI/CT Centers and other specialists interested in efficiency improvement of medical images management and e-health systems within their companies.

Wide expansion of digital solutions into the health care and, in particular, into the diagnostics made their assessment and choice a key challenge for a Chief Medical Officer, also a complicated as an important one. As a result of the various governmental programs of health care modernization and development as well as highly intense growth of private medicine market, numerous contemporary radiological systems are serving in medical centers and clinics now processing large-scale clinical data on a daily basis that are to be managed effectively. The paper reviews major scripts of medical images management and gives practical tips to the Heads of various medical facilities on the effective installation and modernization of RACS/RIS systems. The special attention is given to the risks of different approaches to medical image processing in view of incremental popularization of e-health technologies in Russian health care system. The paper is intended for the healthcare administrators, the Heads of Radiology Departments, the Heads of MRI/CT Centers and other specialists interested in efficiency improvement of medical images management and e-health systems within their companies.

World radiology went through several periods during its’ development. All started with Masson’s discovery of luminescence, which was a result of electric discharge between two electrodes inside the glass tube. W Crucks and F fon Lenard had been working on this discovery for several years while W Rentgen had opened X-rays and made the first brush roentgenoscopy in 1895. He got Nobel Prize on physics for it. The ingenious discovery made a real boom in science history and gave a powerful spur to development of the new branch of medicine - radiology. Researches of bone and articulate system, gastrointestinal tract, bodies of a chest cavity were made with help of X-rays. Also negative consequences of X-rays impact on a person were discovered and studied. The most important names in domestic radiology are: A. Yanovsky, M. Nemenov and S. Reinberg. Thanks to them diagnostics and treatment of various pathologies with help of X-rays became possible.

The uptake of 6-[¹⁸F]-L-FDOPA in Glioma 35 rats tumor and abscess developed in the Wistar rat’s muscle has been evaluated using direct radiometry method. The data were compared with those for 2-[¹⁸F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-gluco-se ([¹⁸F]FDG), well established radiotracer of glycolysis. It was demonstrated that relative uptake indexes for 6-[¹⁸F]-L-FDOPA are substantially lower than for [¹⁸F]FDG. The data obtained allowed to consider 6-[¹⁸F]-L-FDOPA as potentially useful radiotracer for differentiation between tumor and inflammation by positron emission tomography (PET).