The majority of modern biomedical research is aimed at personifying the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. An individual approach can be implemented using radiomics — the latest radiation diagnostics associated with the extraction of a large number (from hundreds to several thousand) of additional quantitative indicators from medical images using specialized software. The method is actively used in oncology to identify radiochemoresistant tumor zones, as well as non-invasive determination of the phenotype and genotype of the neoplasm. At the same time, the prospects for the application and clinical significance of this approach in cardiology have not yet been determined and have been the subject of active research in recent years. In this regard, the purpose of this review was to collect information from available databases and assess the degree of knowledge of the problem of radiomic analysis of heart images using various radiation modalities, as well as to determine the prospects for using this approach in clinical practice.

INTRODUCTION: In the conditions of primary triage of patients with the new coronavirus infection, various medical imaging methods, including «point of care ultrasound», have become key.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to review data published during the pandemic on the assessment of the role of various ultrasound diagnostic methods in medical triage of patients with COVID-19.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors performed a systematic literature search in Russian and English for the period up to March 10, 2022 using various databases and repositories (Embase, Medline/PubMed, Researchgate, medrxiv.org, RSCI/elibrary). The search was carried out on the keywords «COVID-19», «coronavirus», «коронавирус», «SARS-CoV-2», «2019nCOV», «lung ultrasound», «POCUS», «point of care ultrasound», «прикроватный ультразвук», «ультразвуковое сканирование легких», «triage», «сортировка».
RESULTS: The final analysis included 42 publications on different aspects of the use of point of care ultrasound during the pandemic. Of considerable interest are the technical features of the research, classifications and triage algorithms used in different countries.
CONCLUSION: The widespread introduction of «point of care ultrasound» technology in the prehospital, emergency department and intensive care units greatly facilitates clinical decision making, including in the initial assessment of the severity of the condition of patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.

INTRODUCTION: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) take one of the leading positions among rheumatic diseases, constituting chronic inflammatory diseases of spinal cord, joints and enthesis. All spondyloarthritis develop as inflammatory lesion of sacroiliac joints (SIJ) — sacroiliitis and proliferation of bone tissues in the joint area and enthesis. Timely and quality visualization of sacroiliitis signs in patients with ankylosing and axial spondyloarthritis by means of radiation diagnostics is one of the main criteria for diagnosis verification at an earlier stage.
OBJECTIVE: Review and analysis of the existing foreign and domestic literature for defining the role and place of digital tomosynthesis in methods and techniques of radiation diagnostics regarding axial spondyloarthritis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of scientifiс publications and clinic guidelines in information and analytical systems PudMed (elibrary for 2015–2021) was carries out dedicated to radiation diagnostics of axial spondyloarthritis, including digital tomosynthesis.
RESULTS: The review demonstrated wide opportunities and prospects of applying digital tomosynthesis in diagnosis and evaluation of axial spondyloarthritis progression, including the results of applying tomosynthesis with patients, having structural change in sacroiliac joints (SIJ).
CONCLUSION: The method opportunity in this direction hasn’t been fully studied and the algorithm of its applying and criteria of patient selection for the research have not been developed.

INTRODUCTION: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) represent a rare and aggressive form of extranodal NonHodgkin’s lymphoma, which is in most cases confined to the brain. Prompt diagnosis and starting treatment are vital. According to imaging, the tumor is characterized by low MR signal in T1, isointense in T2, pronounced and homogeneous uptake of contrast agent and restricted diffusion.
OBJECTIVE: to study the effectiveness of MR-/CT perfusion techniques, underlying the multiparametric MRT mapping with the differential diagnosis of primary CNS lymphomas in comparison with poorly differentiated gliomas (grade 3–4 WHO 2021) and solitary metastatic brain injury.
МATERIALS AND METODS: The study includes 80 patients with newly identified CNS tumors, later having check-up/neurosurgery treatment in Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen, Russia) with histological verification within the period from 2018 to 2021. Depending on histological conclusion, 4 groups of patients were identified: 1–33 cases with PCNSL (out of which 10 cases with not typical manifestation based on the data of perfusion parameters and 23 cases of classical PCNSL), 2 — with anaplastic astrocytomas — 14 cases, 3–23 cases with glioblastomas and 4–10 cases with solitary metastatic lesion. The research was held on magnetic resonance tomography General Electric Discovery W750 3Т, multispiral x-ray computer tomography Canon Aquilion One before and after the contrast enhancement.
RESULTS: During the study it was established that MR-/CT perfusion is a limited imaging method, possessing ambiguous sensitivity and specificity with PCNSL diagnosis, as they are characterized by not typical manifestation considered as exception. Nevertheless, the method has some undeniable advantages being indispensable in the algorithm of complex multiparametric diagnostic approach for this type of neoplasm.
CONCLUSION: The capacity of neuroimaging PCNSL, even applying improved techniques of MR-/CT data collection, is rather limited and it doesn’t always allow to differentiate this tumor with other neoplasms accurately.

INTRODUCTION: There is evidence, indicate early compensatory axonal remodeling connections in the prenatal period, providing a favorable neurological outcome in isolated anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC). Mapping of the macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) is proven method of quantitative determination of myelin, which has been adapted for prenatal studies.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between CC anomalies and prenatal myelination of the brain using the fast macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fetal MR imaging were performed on a 1.5 scanner (Achieva, Philips) using a 16-channel body coil. Of 66 fetal brains MRI, 12 studies were selected with MT abnormalities (22.8±2.8, 19–28.5 WG) and 21 without brain pathology (23.1±2.3, 20–29.5 WG). The images were analyzed according to structural MRI data (T2-Ssh and T1-GE, EPI, DWI, MYUR, T2-BFE-DYN) by two experienced radiologists. Fast-3D-MPF scan protocol with the MPF maps reconstruction was carried out according to a specialized protocol (open-source software: https://www.macroatomicmri.org /). Quantitative data were obtained by choosing the region of interest (ROI) in numerous brain structures bilateral (bridge, medulla oblongata, thalamus, cerebellum, and cerebral hemispheres). Statistics: distinctions between the groups and structures were assessed using repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Pearson correlation analysis.
RESULTS: MPF was significantly increased in the CC anomalies group as compared to controls in the medulla (3.26±0.63% vs. 2.75±0.59%, р=0.001) and cerebellum (2.02±0.55% vs. 1.76±0.34%, р=0.006). In hemispheres significant correlation with GA was observed in CC anomalies group (r=0.81, р=0.002), but was absent in controls (r=0.32, р=0.16).
CONCLUSION: Primary observed MPF increase in the medulla and cerebellum as well as the dependence of the large hemispheres myelination on gestational age indicates that fetal cerebral matter undergoes early compensatory axonal remodeling in the cases of the interhemispheric connections’ reduction.

INTRODUCTION: Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common emergency pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, contrast-enhanced computed tomography is considered the method of choice for diagnosing, staging and detecting complications of acute pancreatitis, but early (72–96 hours from the onset of the disease) is recommended only if the diagnosis is unclear and differential diagnosis with other diseases. This role in the early stages of the disease can be performed by ultrasound diagnostics.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the possibility of predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis using ultrasound signs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analyzed and compared the results of laboratory and physical methods of research, ultrasound, computed tomography in 319 patients with varying degrees of severity of acute pancreatitis.
RESULTS: We assessed the impact of ultrasound signs on the likelihood of developing severe acute pancreatitis using binary logistic regression. Statistically significant are the following indicators: the presence of poorly demarcated fluid accumulation (p<0.001), the absence of visualization of the pancreas due to the phenomenon of aerocolia (p<0.001), the presence of free fluid in the abdominal cavity (p<0.001), the model using ultrasound data tended to be higher area under the ROC curve (AUC 0.789) compared with clinical prognostic systems: SOFA (AUC 0.686), APACHE-II (AUC 0.603), BISAP (AUC 0.619), Marshall (AUC 0.532). Computed tomography was performed in 15.67% of patients at various times, if indicated, according to clinical guidelines. When assessing the predictive ability of CT using the Baltazar scale, the area under the ROC curve was 0.85.
CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that ultrasound diagnostics is somewhat inferior to computed tomography in prognostic efficiency, given the availability of the method, it is rational to use the ultrasound method for the purpose of early prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the existence of many methods and formulas for calculating the volume of pleural effusion in radiation diagnostics, there is still no single approved method for determining the volume of pleural effusion. Features of the anatomical structure of the chest and pleural cavity, the specific location of the effusion in this cavity and the need for a quick and easy way to calculate the volume of fluid in the pleural cavity determine the relevance of our study.
OBJECTIVE: Based on the studied approved methods for calculating the volume of pleural fluid, propose a new method that takes into account the anatomical features of the form of the pleural effusion. Evaluate the results of the proposed methods, compare with the result of the most commonly used method at present.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included studies of 114 patients who underwent computed tomography of the chest cavity. The CT protocol was performed according to the standard program and included standard thin section reconstruction with a thickness of 0.625–1.25 mm with or without intravenous contrast. The results of the proposed method for calculating the volume of liquid were compared statistically with the volume of liquid obtained using the Simpson method. For volumes obtained, Bland-Altman plots were constructed, Wilcoxon criteria for related samples were determined, Spearman coefficients were calculated, and comparative volume plots were plotted with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS: According to the results of statistical analysis, it was found that the average bias according to the Blunt-Altman method for the strip thickness formula was 51.5. The boundaries of the spread of values [463,7: –360]. For the ellipsoid difference method, the average bias was –0.6, the boundaries of the spread of values [187.3: –188.5].
CONCLUSIONS. Calculating the volume of pleural fluid on CT remains one of the problems that does not have a single accurate method. The new ellipsoid volume difference method proposed by us showed high statistical results and showed an advantage over the «strip thickness» method.

INTRODUCTION: Children and adolescents with juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSA) are at risk of developing sacroiliitis. MRI is the most preferred method of diagnosing sacroiliitis in adults over radiography and computed tomography. However, in the case of diagnosing childhood sacroiliitis, there is little information about the capabilities of MRI, and the reliability of the results in studies varies.
OBJECTIVE: To show the possibilities of MRI in the diagnosis of infectious-allergic sacroiliitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS.: In this report, we present an analysis of data from 16 patients with aseptic (infectious-allergic) sacroiliitis only. Boys and girls aged 6 to 17 years (mean age 12.2±4.9) were equally divided. Magnetic resonance imaging, including contrast-enhanced imaging (used in 14 patients out of the total), was performed on a 3 T scanner (Achieva dStream Phillips) using a standard protocol that included multiplanar 3D T1-, T2WI, FLAIR and STIR with oblique coronal projection, diffusion-weighted images (DWI).
RESULTS: MRI in all 16 patients revealed changes, even in those cases when X-ray and CT did not reveal pathological changes in bone or the changes were on the verge of normal (n=15). Of the 16 children, 10 (62.5%) had unilateral changes (50% on the right, 50% on the left) and six (37.5%) had bilateral changes. The bone marrow edema affected the sacrum in 10 patients, the ilium in three, and both bones of the joint in three patients. On DWI (10 children), increased diffusion was observed in five patients, on the right — in three, and on the left — in two patients.
CONCLUSION: Currently, the best imaging modality for suspected acute sacroiliitis is MRI, which is more sensitive and specific, allowing early diagnosis of the disease and, accordingly, initiation of treatment, improving the prognosis. Disadvantages of MRI are long scan times, susceptibility to motion artifacts that require sedation or anesthesia in young children.

The onset of progressive deficit in multiple sclerosis (MS) was often determined retrospectively with difficulties in diagnostic. This is a case report with subtle MS progression. Clinical and structural MRI anamnesis was complemented with multivoxel 1HMRS examination. The patient complained of the walking distance reducing, gradually increasing spasticity in the distal parts of lower extremities, unsteadiness when walking, clumsy movements. Choline and myoinositol levels were predominantly increased in the area of the cingulate gyrus versus other gray matter regions and the same picture was observed in adjacent white matter. Multivoxel 1H-MRS represents a diagnostic tool that can be very useful in complex diagnostic of MS progression. Measuring chemical-pathological changes diffusely in brain tissues may detect distinctive for progression metabolic patterns.

An increased amino acid metabolism is characteristic for many brain malignancies. Combined positron emission and computed tomography (PET/CT) with radiolabeled amino acids is often used in recognizing the tumor nature of the structural brain lesion detected on MRI. On ¹¹C-methionine PET/CT a hallmark of a brain tumor is an increased amino acid uptake, topographically coinciding with a structural lesion on MRI. However, high ¹¹C-methionine uptake in the brain lesion is not tumor specific and could be seen in a number of non-tumor diseases. The paper presents three observations of a brain abscess, radiological and metabolic data of which in MRI and ¹¹C-methionine PET/CT simulated a malignant cerebral tumor. The reasons for patients seeking nuclear medicine examination were seizures or focal neurological symptoms, as well as a suspicion of a cerebral tumor based on the contrast-enhanced MRI. Knowledge of the non-tumor disease characterized by high ¹¹C-methionine uptake will help avoid misdiagnosis of a cerebral tumor.

Congenital hemangiomas are benign vascular lesions found in fetuses. Congenital hemangiomas develop in utero, have a maximum size at birth (in the absence of subsequent bleeding). Such hemangiomas occur in 1–2% of newborns. Prenatal ultrasound diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging occupy an important place in the diagnosis, which determines the tactics of management and treatment of the patient. To present a clinical case of prenatal diagnosis of congenital soft tissue hemangioma of the fetal back. A pregnant woman A., 34, was sent to St. Petersburg State Public Health Institution «Diagnostic Center» (medical and genetic) with suspected spina bifida of the fetus after screening in late pregnancy period in one of the Birth Centres. Performed prenatal ultrasound (US) pregnant A. for a period of 34 weeks. According to ultrasound data in the region of the spine at the level of XI–XII thoracic vertebrae, an ovoid formation with clear even contours, a fairly homogeneous solid structure, with a clear capsule, 33×24×30 mm in size (volume 12.4 cm³) is determined subcutaneously. The diagnosis made: hemangioma of the soft tissues of the fetal back. Prenatal screening plays a key role in the diagnosis of congenital hemangiomas. Timely detection of this benign formation affects the tactics of management and delivery.

Intestinal angiodysplasia is a vascular pathology of the intestinal wall, one of the causes of gastrointestinal bleeding, the severity of which can vary from latent to life-threatening. Patients of this group, according to vital indications, as a rule, are admitted to general surgical hospitals, where, due to the rare occurrence of pathology, there are no well-developed treatment and diagnostic algorithms, which leads to misrecognition of the source of bleeding and unreasonable surgical interventions. To demonstrate the possibilities of computed tomography with bolus intravenous contrast in the detection of intestinal angiodysplasia. Patients sought medical help in a hospital with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. Abdominal and pelvic CT using intravenous bolus contrast and multi-phase scanning was performed on 64- and 128-slice CT scanners. Post-processing included analysis of standard reconstructions, MIP and 3D VRT algorithms. Cases represent the main angiographic signs of intestinal angiodysplasia, such as: abnormal vascular network in the intestinal wall, dilatation of the great vessels supplying angiodysplasia, early contrast enhancement of the efferent vein. Evaluation of the MIP and 3D VRT algorithms makes it possible to identify these pathological changes more confidently. To date, computed tomography with bolus intravenous contrast is the most accessible non-invasive diagnostic method that allows to identify and localize intestinal angiodysplasia and, in combination with endoscopic investigative methods, confirm the diagnosis and exclude other pathology characterized by a similar clinical presentation, which helps to choose the correct treatment tactics.