Analytical method for prediction of the kinetics of survival (KS) and duration of the life expectancy (LE) in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer after combined radiation therapy was developed. It based on medical statistical data of the Federal state budget institution «Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies» (RRCRST) and the mathematical model of the kinetic aging theory of living systems. The quality of life indicators — KS and LE are determined by the solution of the differential equations describing the rate of aging homogeneous groups of patients and taking into account the four main stages of life from birth: «normal» (standard) life before the disease with probability of death for various reasons, life with additional cancer, determining at this stage the likely predominant cause of death from cancer, life is in the process of treatment and after its completion. Each stage of life has its own corresponding parameters of the mathematical model of aging rate, representing the competition of two opposite processes: the accumulation of damages of structural and functional relationships of the organism and their recovery speed. Their rate of destruction with cancer increases. The parameters of the mathematical model are determined by statistical processing of health indicators collected in banks demographic data CDR NES and medical data RRCRST. The main ideology of the developed model based on statistical correlation with survival in the published works of experts of the RRCRST. For patients with prostate cancer is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (PSADT), for patients with breast cancer is the value of S-index (indicator of the degree of radiation-induced DNA decomposition of blood samples in vitro) before treatment of patients. The model is tested on the example of prediction KS and LE in patients of RRCRST treated with radiation therapy that were grouped according to similar values of PSADT and S-index. The ability to improve forecast accuracy by reducing the number of individuals in the group due to the need to have a health and demographic information for each patient and, above all, on the rate of growth of cancer.

Radiological imaging is the main diagnostic technique of infectious pulmonary complications in patients with hematological malignancy. Disturbance of the immune system in this group of patients causes uncommon epidemiology, nonspecific clinical manifestation and rapidly progressive development of the infectious process. Modern diagnostic methods allow to reveal inflammatory changes in the lungs with high efficiency. In the current clinical practice, the most actual problem is rapid identification of pathogens using the wide-spread method. This possibility results in faster and more accurate patient treatment. The article reviews different imaging techniques and focuses on the preferable method for diagnosing pneumonia in immunocompromised patients and presents a recent view of russian and foreign researchers on the advantages and limitations of computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections.

Tendonopathy of the sinus triceps tendon is characterized by a variety of clinics and nosological manifestations, the presence of combined forms, nonspecific symptoms, which complicates the diagnosis. Deep clinical analysis, the use of modern methods of functional and radiation diagnostics, such as ultrasonic diagnostics and magnetic resonance imaging, allow early diagnosis of the pathology of the Achilles tendon. In this literature review, the main causes of changes in Achilles tendons in individuals of different ages, their clinical manifestations are collected. The most frequently used methods of radiation diagnostics are: ultrasonic diagnostics of the Achilles tendon, ultrasound sonoelastography, visualization technology of acoustic radiation of the pulse force, magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle joint. The main functional and radiation manifestations of tendonopathy of the shin triceps tendons in individuals with various pathologies are shown.

Rombencephalosynapsys (RES) is a rare variant of anomalies of the posterior cranial fossa structures characterized by dysplastic fusion of cerebellar hemispheres and absence or hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis. Purpose: to demonstrate the possibilities of modern neuroimaging in the RES diagnosis and to identify the main markers of the differential diagnosis in posterior fossa structures (PFS) anomalies. In the department of Radiology of Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital, we observed 3 patients with RES (1 girl and 2 boys). Patients age varied from 3 months to 9 years. The studies were performed on high-field MR system GE Discovery 750 W 3 T. Results: оn MRI in patients with RES we identified the spectrum of dysplastic anomalies of the vermis, from complete absence to partial aplasia with preservation of its anterior part. Also, there were 2 case with cerebellar dysplastic features, resemling RES. The transcerebellar sulci were estimated as the a clue diagnostic marker of RES. Conclusion: High-field MRI is the preferred diagnostic tool in the definition and differentiation of the developmental anomalies of the PFC in the children, especially in patients with RES.

The purpose of the study was to assess the function of fibres of the left ventricle (LV) and its dynamics after revascularization in patients with non Q myocardial infarction using standard Echocardiography (EchoCG) and Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI). Materials and methods: 34 patients with MI were examined. Echocardiography studies were performed on the ultrasound scanner AcusonX 300 (Siemens), a 1–5 MHz transducer before and in early period after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Results. Standard EchoCG showed systolic LV dysfunction before and after CABG, contractile dysfunction in 51 (8%) segment before the operation, with subsequent recovery of the function of the 28 (54%) of them. The effect of MI on LV function using VVI showed reducing strain (S) and normal strain rate (SR) of the longitudinal fibers, decrease S and SR of circular fibers and normal function of radial fibers. After GABG S and SR of longitudinal fibers has not changed, S and SR of the circular fibres are decreased. The function of radial fibers are normal. The study established a relationship between the level of LDH-1 and SR of the circular fibers of the LV prior to CABG. Increased level of LDH-1 in the early period after CABG can be a predictor of reduction of S and SR circular fibers. Conclusion: In patients with it is necessary to analyze not only the longitudinal and radial fibers, but also circular.

X-ray mammography is considered one of the primary diagnostic methods for malignant breast tumors. Since the conclusion is mainly based on the visual analysis of analog or digital X-ray images of the breast, the objectivity of the method is highly dependent on the professional experience of the radiologist. Therefore, the automation of the process of analyzing X-ray mammograms is a relevant task. The present study aims to develop a method for the automatic classification of the types of tumors on x-ray mammograms. To this end, the boundaries of breast tissue densities were described analytically using the mathematical apparatus of contour analysis. It has been found that malignant tumors are characterized by rough contours, which enables the determination of the tumor type by calculating the straightness coefficient of its contour. The straightness coefficient values for malignant and benign tumors have been found. Based on a representative sample from the patients with a previously known diagnosis, consistent classification results have been obtained which is an indication of the feasibility of the proposed method.

According to the results of epidemiological studies, the incidence of infertility in marriage varies from 8 to 29% [1]. Therefore, the development of new methods of diagnosis of the causes of infertility and the improvement of existing ones, is an important issue of radiology, the solution of which will significantly reduce the share of infertile marriages. The article demonstrates the diagnostic capabilities of virtual hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of causes of infertility. Using computed tomography hysterosalpingography were examined 185 women suffering from infertility. In the study, 39% of women were identified different pathology of the uterus and fallopian tubes, and further verified using MRI, hysteroscopy or laparoscopy. According to the results it can be concluded that virtual hysterosalpingography is an informative method in the diagnosis of pathology of the uterus and fallopian tubes that serve as causes of infertility.

Introduction. The idea of using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) originated in the early development of computed tomography (CT). However, only recently, advances in radiation diagnosis have made it possible to use dual-energy CT for routine clinical use. We describes the characteristic features of dual-energy CT scanners, as well as the results of a study of 245 patients with urolithiasis, the identification of urinary stones in vivo and the subsequent comparative characteristics with mineralogical studies of uroliths. Purpose. Evaluate the possibility of using DECT in the diagnosis of urolithiasis with the determination of the chemical composition of urinary stones in vivo. Materials and methods. A group of patients (n=245) aged 18 to 84 years was examined. All patients with the established diagnosis-urolithiasis-were treated with DECT (Somatom Definition, Siemens, Forchheim, Germany) with data processing, then in-vitro infrared spectrometry (IR-Alpha-P spectrometer) to determine the true composition of the calcu lus. Results. After conducting the DECT and then ROC analysis and comparing the results with the IR-spectrometry data, it was established that stones with an average density of less than 500 HU according to DECT can be attributed to urate, with a uric acid content of more than 50% with a sensitivity of 91,1% (34 stones of 35) and specificity of 100% — the content of uric acid is also determined in polymineral calculi with a content of less than 50%. The knowledge gained on the composition and structure of the stone in vivo can subsequently be used in pathogenetic treatment and prevention of complications in patients with urolithiasis, and influence the choice of the tactics of removing the uroliths. Conclusions. The obtained results give the right to apply DECT in the diagnosis of urolithiasis, and with high sensitivity to identify urate stones in vivo, thereby influencing the choice of the tactics of removal of uroliths and pathogenetic treatment, as well as the prevention of complications in patients with urolithiasis.

Purpose. To assess the additional contribution of SPECT/CT, used in conjunction with planar osteoscintigraphy, in bone metastatic disease detection and its effect on the tactics of managing patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer. Materials and methods. The study included 1412 patients with established oncological diagnosis (breast cancer — 844 patients, prostate cancer — 568 patients), to which «whole body» planar osteoscintigraphy, and SPECT/CT were performed. In all patients included in the study, the fact of bone metastatic disease was established by the results of additional imaging techniques and follow up. Results. Bone metastatic disease was detected in 324 (23%) patients and excluded in 1088 (77%). SPECT/CT had higher diagnostic indices than planar osteoscintigraphy. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of bone metastatic disease detection of planar osteoscintigraphy were 91%, 71%, 76%, of SPECT/CT, 97%, 93%, 94%, respectively. The additional use of SPECT/CT in the second stage after the planar osteoscintigraphy in 337 (24%) patients from the general group (n=1412) led to a change in the results of the diagnostic test. Conclusions. The additional use of SPECT / CT in the second stage after the planar osteoscintigraphy allows to change the results of the diagnostic test in the evaluation of bone metastatic disease in patients with breast cancer and PCa, which can significantly affect the management tactics of patients.

The article deals with the results of radiological and clinical laboratory testing of 108 victims treated in «St. Petersburg research Institute of emergency care named after I. I. Dzhanelidze», in the period from 2015 to 2017, with associated trauma of the spine. The patients developed suppurative-inflammatory diseases and their complications. CT diagnosis of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the spine combined injury. In addition, the article presents literature data about the use of radiologic methods of examination (x-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) purulent-inflammatory diseases of the spine and their complications.

In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, pneumonia and tuberculosis are the dominant complications that play a major role in the outcome of the disease and lead to a fatal outcome. The purpose of the study: to carry out an analysis of computer tomographic complications semiotics in comparison with clinical and pathomorphological data. Results: A patient with chronic immunodeficiency diagnosed with 2-sided pneumonia, H1N1 influenza was verified. At the time, tuberculosis was not verified and pathogenetic treatment was not initiated, which led to a fatal outcome. Conclusion: the complexity of clinical and radiation pattern against the background of immunodeficiency state (CLL) cause difficulties in diagnosing. It is necessary to remember the possibility of rapid development of caseous pneumonia against the background of a combined pathology in immunodeficient conditions requiring phthisiatric consultation for the timely administration of anti-tuberculosis therapy.

The case of multiple ectopic tubal pregnancy is presented in the 5–6 weeks term. An expanded right uterine tube containing two embryos was found. The amniotic partition was not visualized. The uterus is located typically, increased to 7–8 weeks of gestation, due to decidual reaction. The right ovary was identified in a typical place, the yellow body in its projection was not visualized. The left ovary was determined behind the uterus, in its projection the reminding yellow body was defined.

Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor of the brain, developing from the epithelial cells of craniopharyngeal duct, from which are formed abiogenetically the stem and rear part of the pituitary gland. The peculiarity of stem craniopharyngiomas is dense accretion of the tumor with arterial and neural structures of supra-para-retrosellar area, which makes surgical treatment technically difficult, and sometimes — obviously impossible. In the world literature at this point does not contain messages about the isolated stem radiosurgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas with application installations, Gamma knife or CyberKnife. A clinical case of stereotactic radiosurgical treatment in the mode of hypofractionation on the Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion apparatus with a positive result in the form of a significant regression of visual disturbances is presented. Index terms: stereotactic radiosurgery, hypofractionation, craniopharyngioma, sellar region.

The overall prognosis in pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is excellent. Recurrent disease is frequent, however, and requires additional treatment. In this study we retrospectively analyzed the outcome of juvenile DTC treated by radioactive iodine (I-131) during the long-term follow-up study of 29 years. Methods: 54 DTC patients (34 females, 20 males; ≤20 years old, mean age, 16,5 years) were treated with 131I (RAI) with a median follow-up of 13 years. Patients (pts) underwent different initial treatment: 49 pts, TTx+RAI; 2 pts, TTx; and 3 pts, STTx. The probability of recurrence and prognostic factors were tested by Kaplan-Meier’s method. Results: Initially, 37/54 pts achieved complete remission (CR), 16/54 pts partial remission (PR), 1/54 had progressive disease (PG). During the follow-up 11 pts (20,4%) who achieved CR developed recurrent disease (RD); median appearance time, 4 years (range, 1–25 years). Probability of recurrence was 15,8% at 5 years; 20,3% at 10 years, 25,6% at 15, 20 and 26 years after initial treatment. Strong predictive factors of recurrence were age (p=0,0001), initial treatment (p=0,0001), and tumor multifocality (p=0,004), while gender, nodal metastases at presentation, distal metastases at presentation, histological type of the tumor, tumor or T stage and clinical stage showed no influence on relapse (p=0,176; p=0,757; p=0,799; and p=0,822, respectively). Patients with RD, PR and PG were retreated, with surgery or surgery plus RAI, receiving cumulative activity up to 40 GBq. The overall outcome in our patients was excellent: 88,9% CR, 5,55% SD, 1,85% PG, 1,85% DRD, and 1,85% OCD. Conclusion: Younger age at diagnosis, less radical primary surgery without subsequent RAI, and tumor multifocality are strong prognostic factors for recurrence. In order to reduce relapse rate and to improve surveillance for recurrent disease, TTx followed by RAI appears to be the most beneficial initial treatment for patients with juvenile DTC. The use of RAI seems to be safe without adverse effects on subsequent fertility and pregnancy or secondary malignancy.